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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How do you test for Lipids (fats and oils)?
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1– Mix a sample with ethanol.
2– Gently shake the mixture. 3– Pour the lipid/alcohol mixture into an equal volume of water. 4– There should be a milky–white emulsion. |
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What are lipids?
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Fats and oils.
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How do you test for proteins?
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1– Dissolve a sample in water.
2– Add a few drops of Biuret Reagent. 3– Gently shake the mixture. 4– There should be a purple/mauve colour. |
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How do you test for glucose?
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1– Dissolve a sample in water.
2– Add 2cm^3 of Benedict's reagent. 3– Heat the mixture for 2–3 minutes in a boiling water bath. 4– There should be a brick–red/orange colour. |
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How do you test for starch?
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1– Dissolve a sample in water.
2– Add a few drops of iodine solution. 3– Gently shake the mixture. 4– There should be a blue–black colour. |
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What are the carbohydrates?
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Starch and glucose.
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What does amylase do?
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Breaks down starch to sugars.
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What breaks down starch to sugars?
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Amylase.
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What breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol?
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Lipase.
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What does lipase do?
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Breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol.
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What do restriction enzymes do?
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Used to cut out specific genes, and to open up bacterial plasmids. Used in genetic engineering.
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What are used to cut out specific genes, and to open up bacterial plasmids?
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Restriction enzymes.
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What are ligases used for?
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To 'stitch' human genes into bacterial plasmids.
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What are used to 'stitch' human genes into bacterial plasmids?
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Ligases.
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What are proteases used for?
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To help soften leather for the garment industry.
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What is used to help soften leather for the garment industry?
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Proteases.
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What is pectinase used for?
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Breaking down small pieces of plant tissue to turn cloudy fruit juice into clear fruit juice.
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What breaks down small pieces of plant tissue to turn cloudy fruit juice into clear fruit juice.
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Pectinase.
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a prion
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lacks RNA and DNa
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the function of the capsule in some bacteria is
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to protect the cell
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this group of bacteria is poisoned by oxygen
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obligate anaerobes
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this type of organism lives off other living organisms usually causing harm
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a saprobe, and a parasite
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short strands of RNA with no protein coat
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viroid
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"mad cow" disease is caused by
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prions
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which of the following structures is found in a bacterial cell
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ribosomes
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antibiotics work against
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bacteria
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give 2 living properties of viruses
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they contain DNA, and they contain protein
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give 3 nonliving properties of viruses
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they don't eat, grow, or reproduce on their own
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How does the imune system destroy a virus?
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antibodies blind it so it can't find it's host
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How does the immune system destroy a bacteria?
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antibiotics blind the bacteria then the white blood cells engulf and digest them
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name 3 ways a virus attacks cells. the virus has already entered the cell
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–it goes into the nucleas and reassembles the DNA, effectively hijacking the nucleas, and makes new cells with it.
–A virus enters the cell, goes to the nucleas, and ataches to the cell's DNA and "sits" there. if the cell divides viral DNA is duplicated along with the cell DNA. It may activate later. – The virus enters the cell and carries abnormal codes that trigger abnormal cell division (cancer, and warts) |
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protein markers match between infected cell and disease agent
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virus
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produce toxins
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bacteria
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antibiotics do not work against these
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virus
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is a prokaryotic cell
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bacteria
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you build antibodies after exposure to this (or these) pathogens
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both bacteria and viruses
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3 benefits of bacteria
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growth hormones, insulin, and antibiotics, used to make food products, and they are decomposers
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Give 3 ways bacteria are transmitted in the population
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air, contact, and bodily fluids.
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how is conjugation beneficial to bacteria
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it generates more genetic diversity
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circular ring of DNa found in bacteria
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plasmid
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chemical produced by infected cells to prevent a virus form taking over the cell
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interferon
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these anaerobes are unaffected by oxygen
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faculative anaerobes
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decomposer
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saprobe
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protein coat of a virus
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ca[sod
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these organisms break down glucose using oxygen
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obligate aerobe
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bacteria absorb DNA from another bacterium
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conjugation
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these anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen
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obligate anaerobe
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these bacteria can enter the body through the air, settle first in the lungs, and cause extreme weakness and caughing
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Tuberculosis
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Give 2 problems that can arise from using antibiotics
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yeast infections, and super bacteria that are immune to antibiotics.
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what is the purpose of bacteria producing toxins
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to weaken the host
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What is respiration?
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The chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy.
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What is the chemical equation for respiration?
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 –––> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2900 kJ/mol.
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What are the two groups in the Plant Kingdom? And give characteristics and an example of each.
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Monocotyledons (e.g. grasses):
– Only one 'seed leaf' – Long, thin leaves, with parallel veins Dicotyledons (e.g. trees): – two 'seed leaves' – broad leaves with a network of veins |
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What makes something an arthropod?
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Having a hard exoskeleton and jointed limbs.
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Name two groups of arthropods (Beginning with I and C) and their characteristics.
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Insects:
– Three body parts – head, thorax, and abdomen – Three pairs of legs – Usually 1 or 2 pairs of wings Crustaceans: – Many segments, usually each with legs, claws or feelers – Breathe via gills, as live in water – Exoskeleton particularly hard, for protection |
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Name two groups of arthropods (beginning with A and M) and their characteristics.
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Arachnids:
– Two body parts, eight legs and no wings – All have piercing jaws since all are predators Myriapods: – Long, thin body with many segments for moving easily through soil and leaf litter – Antennae as sense organs in dark habitats |
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Name three other groups of invertebrates in the Animal Kingdom. State their characteristics.
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Annelids (worms):
– Many segments on long body – Body covered with mucus to conserve water – Many are hermaphrodite – Usually have chetae (bristles) for movement Nematodes: – No segments – long cylindrical body Molluscs: – Have a soft body, with a muscular foot used for movement – Often have eyes on retractable tentacles – Soft body is often enclosed in a shell made of calcium carbonate |
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There are 5 classes in the Animal Kingdom, that are vertebrates. Can you name them?
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1– Fish (all aquatic)
2– Amphibians (always breed in water) 3– Reptiles (lay eggs on land) 4– Birds (very few are aquatic) 5– Mammals (very few are aquatic) |
Begin with: F, A, R, B, M
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Name 3 external features of Fish.
Then name three other features. |
External features:
– Scales – Fins – Eyes and lateral line Other features: – Jelly–covered eggs (external fertilisation) – Ectothermic – Gills for gas exchange |
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Name 3 external features of Amphibians.
Then name three other features. |
External features:
– Moist skin – Four limbs – Eyes and ears Other features: – Jelly–covered eggs (external fertilisation) – Ectothermic – Lungs/skin for gas exchange |
Examples: Newts, frogs.
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Name 3 external features of Reptiles.
Then name three other features. |
External features:
– Dry, scaly skin – Four limbs (not in snakes) – Eyes and ears Other features: – Soft–shelled eggs (internal fertilisation) – Ectothermic – Lungs for gas exchange |
Examples: snakes, lizards.
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Name 3 external features of Birds.
Then name three other features. |
External features:
– Feathers (scales on legs) – Two wings, two legs – Eyes and ears Other features: – Hard–shelled eggs (internal fertilisation) – Endothermic – Lungs for gas exchange |
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Name 4 external features of Mammals.Then name four other features.
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External features:
– Fur or hair – Four limbs – Eyes and ears – Nipples Other features: – Live young – Endothermic – Lungs for gas exchange – Feed young with milk from mammary glands |
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Can you name each of the groups of classification?
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Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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Remember: Kings Play Chess On Flat Green Stools
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