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38 Cards in this Set
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Federalism |
Two levels of government with autonomous powers States had lost credibility and could not protect their citizens In Europe this meant support of a "United States of Europe |
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Intergovernmentalism |
In IGO that serves as a forum for states to talk to each other no independent power or authority |
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supranationalism |
States transfer authority to the IO that functions above state level |
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Federalism vs. confederation |
Federalism- a system of administrationinvolving two or more levels of government with autonomous powers Confederation-anadministrative system in which state come together in areas where it makessense to cooperate but keep the balance of powers for themselves |
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5 approaches to understanding the EU |
International organization- Institutions have little or no autonomy and decisions are seen as bargains among states. can be understood through international relations Regional Integration association- like the African Union, can be understood through international relations Unique- It is a one of a kind phenomenon Political system in its own right- Its functions can be compared to modern states. can be understood with comparative politics Combination- a mix of all the above |
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Governance |
Decisions are made and implemented without the existence of formal governments |
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Multilevel governance |
a system where power is shared between the supranational, national, sub-national, and local governments with a high focus on interaction and cooperation between the various levels |
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Essential points to Churchill's speech( what does it mean to be European |
the home of all the great parent races of the western world fountain of christian faith and ethics Chruchill advoctes a "United states of Europe" or a federal system The two world wars were born out of Germany wanting to take control of Europe Europe must turn their backs on the past and look to the future There must be a partnership between france and germany!!!! |
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3 main critical goals/ needs for post war Europe |
-Rebuild weakened economies -ensure security from another and external threats -Limit the dangers of nationalism |
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The marshal plan |
12.5 billion in aid to rebuild europe
Investments needed to pave the way for political integration USA insisted on the creation of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation to coordinate the distribution of aid |
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Treaty of Paris and its memebers |
Born out of the Schuman plan
created the European coal and steal comunity Members-France,West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg |
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Truman doctrine |
The pledge to give aid to countries threatened by communism started in greece and turkey |
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Berlin airlift |
year long airlift of supplies to west Berlin after the soviets blocked the roads into the city |
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Single European Act |
key goal was to remove the remaining physical, technical and fiscal barriers tothe single market( non tariff barriers |
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Harmonization/convergence criteria(5) |
standards that must be adopted in order to achieve a single European currency after the Masstricht treaty Low budget deficit and inflation controls on public debt and intrest rates exchanges rates witin ERM (European exchange rate mechanism |
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Concept of subsidiarity |
EU should not act in areas that fall below its exclusive competence i.e - The EU should only do what it does best |
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Copenhagen conditions; |
Conditions required to join the Eu - Democratic governance - Capitalism as the economic system -agree to adopt the entire existing bodyof the EU laws and policies (Acquis communautaire) |
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Acquis communautaire |
Meaning "of the community) accumulated legislation, legal acts, and court decisions which constitute the body of European Union law. |
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Pooling of sovereignty |
themember states delegate some of their decision-making powers to sharedinstitutions they have created |
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potential advantages of Euro |
•Reduces cost of business/transaction costs, reduces exchange raterisks, |
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All enlargements (dates and countries) |
3-1-6-5-4-7 '73- Denmark, Ireland UK '81- Greece '86- Portugal and spain '95- Austria Finland Sweden 2004- Cyprus Malta , . Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungry, Poland, Slovenia, slovakia, Czech rep 2007- Bulgaria, Romania |
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schengen agreement |
Agreement singned in 1985 to set up a border- free Europe |
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Lisbon strategy |
an attempt made to set up economic modernization targets for the EU with the goal of making the EU the worlds most dynamic market place in 10 years -Employment rates raised, -incresed women in the workplace, -sustainable development -Liberalization of telecom and energy markets |
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Constitution vs treaty |
constitution- a document (or a set ofdocuments) that sets out the general rules and principles by which a state isgoverned. treaty -Agreement which establishes international law and all parties share obligations, failure to meet conditions constitutes a breach of the agreement |
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Treaty building phases |
Phase 1(until 87)- treaty of paris- SEA. Mostly intergovernmental, closed door meetings with little public involvement Phase 2-(92-09) Maastricht- Lisbon. The main treaties of integration, much more public interest and participation. Public votes |
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Process of EU law making |
-Citizens/interest groups/experts discuss -Commission makes formal proposal -Parliament and council of ministers decide jointly -national/local authorities implement -Commission and court of justice monitor implementation |
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What is the European commissions/ Main roles and powers |
Main bureaucratic-executive arm of the EU Supranational in nature monitors the budget and implementation of laws Powers- Regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations , and opinions Main parts College of commissioners aka European commission ( 28 leaders of their own area- telecom,agriculture ect..) President of the Commission Director generals network of advisory and executive committees the secretariat general |
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Who are the Eu commissioners( how are they chosen and what do they do) |
•28(College of) Commissioners, representingthe European perspective, each responsible for a specific policy area. •EU’sexecutive branch proposes legislation, manages Union’sday-to-day business and budget, and enforces rules. •Commissioners are chosen by thepresident from lists submitted by governments of member states. The EuropeanParliament must approve all nominees. -expected to put european intrests above that of the home state |
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What are the Director generals and what do they do |
•Responsible for generating andoverseeing the implementation of laws and policies in particular areas. Each DG is headed by a director general, the main link between the DG and the commissioners |
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Main roles and powers of the council of minsters/ council(s) |
Council of ministers- Consists of the heads of states from the various nations
meant to represent individual member states -Sharespowers with Parliament for approving the EU budgetand passing laws -Voice of EU member governments, adopting EU laws and coordinating EU policies -meet to discuss, amend and adopt laws, and coordinate policies Sets broad agendas Uses qualified majority voting Definesand implements the Common Foreign and Security Policy Forum for coordinated economic policies |
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What is the European parliament and what is its structure(5 components) The main roles and powers of the European parliament |
Structure: Members of European parliament(MEP's President Rappertoures secretariat Parliamentary committees Legislative branch of the EU Directly elected by members of home state representation is proportional to population Members sit in party blocs not national •shares powers with the Council of Ministers over discussion and approval of newlegislative proposals, and of the EU budget •Right to confirm or reject the EuropeanCouncil's nominees for president of theEuropean Commissionand High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy •May compel removal of the College ofCommissioners |
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Essence of Churchill's "Iron curtain" speech |
Advocated for freedom and democracy for all of europe Western Europe can not appease soviet expansion Advocated collective security Advocated peace and cooperation with the soviet union |
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Parts of Eu constitutional law |
Treaties Accession agreements( signed every time a new state joins Agreements among sub-groups (schangen) Charter of fundamental rights of the EU European convention on Human rights |
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Evolution of the EU |
on papaer
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Maastricht treaty |
Agreementon monetary union (by 1999) &harmonization of economic policies Created the EU |
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Lisbon Treaty |
Updated the former treaties to work in the modern age -let citizens create petitions that the EC would have to respond to -TheEuropean Parliament would become an equal in terms of lawmaking with theCouncil of Ministers -President of the European comission must be elected my MEP's - Potential for states to withdrawl from the EU for the first time |
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Suez crisis and the EU |
The Suez crisis showed Brittan was no longer able to act independently as a super power Showed the need of european integration as the US worked towards its own intrests( didn't help Brittan and France in the war Same year as hungarian revolution. US couldnt support nasser and condem the USSR at the same time |
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three pillar structure of maastrict treaty |
economic integration through single currency common foreign and security policy Justice and home affairs |
