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26 Cards in this Set
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Winston Churchill |
He made powerful speeches that rallied the British people against Hitler and Germany and was instrumental in the forming the British alliance with the U.S. and Russia
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United Kingdom November 30th, 1874 - January 24th, 1965 An English political leader that became the prime minister at the beginning of World War II and served until the end of the war |
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Realpolitik
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The ideology provided an excuse for using violence to meet political goals and it harnessed forces of nationalism and liberalism |
Germany Coined in 19th century and used by Hitler in 20th Century Politics or diplomacy based primarily on considerations of given circumstances and factors, rather than explicit ideological notions or moral or ethical premises |
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Blitzkrieg |
It was the main military strategy of Hitler in WWII and it allowed him to overwhelm the British, French, and Russian armies
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Germany September 1939 A quick and intense military campaign that is meant to cause a fast victory |
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lebensraum |
It was justified by the need for agricultural land in order to maintain the town-and-country balance upon which depended the moral health of the German people. Inspired the pivotal decision to invade Russia
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Germany Nazi definition was spread in 1914 An ideological element of Nazism that advocated for Germany's territorial expansion into Eastern Europe because it was believed that it was needed for Germany's natural development |
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Berlin West Africa Conference
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It sped up the Scramble for Africa and it allowed European powers to channel their hostilities towards one another
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Berlin, Germany 1884-1885 A series of negotiations in which the major European powers formalized their claims to territory in Africa |
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Iron Curtain |
It symbolized the efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and non-Soviet-controlled areas
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Europe and significantly Germany 1945 The division between the communist nations of eastern Europe and the noncommunist nations of western Europe |
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Weimar Republic |
The viability of democracy in Germany was tested and failed and the failures stand as warning signs and guides for future democracies
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Germany 1919-1933 A democratic government founded at Weimar, Germany near the end of World War I |
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Crimean War |
It inspired Alexander II to work to improve and catch up Russia to the other European powers so that they can compete
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Crimean Peninsula October 1853 - March 1856 A military conflict in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia |
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Giuseppe Mazzini |
He was a major influence in the unification of Italy and the creation of a Liberal Italian republic and he helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state
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Italy June 22nd, 1805 - March 10th, 1872 An Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement |
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Otto von Bismark |
He engineered a series of wars that unified the German states into the powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership
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Prussia April 1st, 1815 - July 30th, 1898 A political leader of Germany and a conservative Prussian statesman who ruled as the first chancellor of the modern German Empire |
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New Imperialism |
It developed antagonism and a competitive drive that went on to fuel Germany's desire to be a world power. This desire would be one of the main causes of WWI
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European powers, U.S. and Japan Late 19th and early 20th centuries A period distinguished by colonial expansion and specifically an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial acquisitions |
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Triple Entente |
Intensified hostility with the German empire and acted as a counterbalance to the Central Powers heading into World War I
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Finalized in St. Petersburg, Russia (was between Russia, France, and United Kingdom) August 31, 1907 The agreement linking Russia, France, and the United Kingdom as Allies against the Central Powers |
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Seige of Leningrad |
It was one of the costliest sieges in history and the suffering and sacrifices of Leningrad's dwindling population and defending forces inspired the Soviet war effort as a whole |
Leningrad, Russia September 8th, 1941 - January 27th, 1944 A prolonged military blockade undertaken mainly by the German army at Leningrad in World War II |
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July Crisis or Sarajevo Crisis |
The assassination led to an ultimatum from Austria-Hungary to the Kingdom of Serbia that ultimately started World War I
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Europe (especially Austria-Hungary and Serbia) June 28th, 1914 - August 1914 A diplomatic crisis among the major powers of Europe after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand that led to World War I |
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Schlieffen Plan |
The German's failure to defeat France quickly and effectively execute the plan led to their loss in World War I
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Germany 1905 A plan intended to ensure German victory over a Franco-Russian alliance by holding off Russia with minimal strength and swiftly defeating France by a massive flanking movement through the Low Countries |
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Operation Barbarossa |
Led to the pivotal moment of WWII where the Soviet pushed back against the German forces after their initial dominance with a counteroffensive that eventually led to the German's defeat
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Germany June 22, 1941 The code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II |
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Article 231 |
It forced Germany to accept full responsibility for causing the war and caused the questioning of Germany's guilt, which became a major theme in Adolf Hitler's political career and the revitalization of Germany
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June 28th, 1919 Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in France The opening article of the reparations section of the Treaty of Versailles that forced Germany to accept full responsibility for WWI |
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July Monarchy |
The unrest in the country sparked the February Revolution of 1848, which inspired other revolutions throughout Europe as well
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France 1830-1848 A liberal constitutional monarchy in France with a regime that rested on a broad social base centered on the wealthy bourgeoisie |
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NATO |
The formation of NATO led to the founding of a rival alliance, the Warsaw Pact, with Russia and its affiliated communist nations in Eastern Europe. It ultimately led to increasing tensions between the West and East, which culminated in the Cold War
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Washington D.C., United States 1949 A military alliance between Western Europe, the United States, and Canada that stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization and constitutes a system of collective defense in response to an attack by any external party |
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Third Republic |
The establishment led to a very unstable political environment was caused by rivalry between monarchists and republicans
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France 1870 - 1940 The system of government adopted in France after the fall of the Second Empire. It was based on parliamentary supremacy and was marked by social stability, industrialization, and establishment of a professional civil service. |
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"Uprooting Hypothesis" |
The hypothesis explains why rural migrants were anxious about moving to the cities. They were "rooted" by their church, community, etc. and moving to the city meant they had nothing to comfort them in the overwhelming environment of the city
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Western Europe 19th century cities An hypothesis describing the anxiety rural migrants felt when they were forced to move from the city |
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Italia Irrendenta
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Because Italy wanted to gain territories perceived by irredentists as being Italian under foreign rule, Italy signed the London Pact, entered WWI, left the Triple Alliance, and declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary
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Italy Late 19th and early 20th centuries A nationalist movement in Italy with irredentist goals which promoted unification of geographic areas |
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Ausgleich - 1867
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The compromise caused tension between Austria and Hungary because of their general distrust of each other. The Hungarians attempts at securing more arms and manpower for themselves independently raised tension with Austria and other eastern European nationalities. These tensions culminated in the assassination of Archduke Franz-Ferdinand
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Austria-Hungary February 8th, 1867 A compromise that established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary |
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Maginot Line |
The failure of the Maginot Line is symbolic of the change in Germany's military strategy. It was ill equipped to deal with the blitzkrieg strategy because it was built to maintain a more static conflict
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France 1930s A line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations that France constructed to provide them with time to mobilize in the event of an attack |
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PALS battalions |
Many more men than usual joined the battalion because it placed less emphasis on professional soldiers and more on making men more inclined to join in order to serve with their friends and colleagues
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United Kingdom 1914-1916go Specially constituted battalions of the British Army comprising men who had enlisted together in local recruiting drives, with the promise that they would be able to serve alongside friends rather than being arbitrarily allocated to battalions |
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Ludendorff |
During his time as general in WWI, he led a very offensive military campaign that failed against the Allied counterattacks. He later became a political influence over the resurgence of Germany and rise of Hitler
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Germany April 9th, 1865 - December 20th, 1937 A German general who was mainly responsible for Germany's military policy and strategy in the latter years of World War I |
