European History Chapter Seven, Sections 1-4 Test

Front 1

How did the enclosure movement affect people?

Back 1

It forced small farmers off their land because they couldn't compete with the big landowners who now controlled the property. Many were forced to move to the city to find work.

Front 2

What new source of energy helped trigger the Industrial Revolution?

Back 2

Steam power, aided by coal and developments in iron technology

Front 3

List three reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain.

Back 3

1) Lots of resources
2) Cutting edge of technology
3) Lots of capital from their overseas empire
4) Stable government

Front 4

Why did large numbers of people migrate to the cities?

Back 4

It was the only place jobs were available anymore.

Front 5

List the government reforms sought by John Stuart Mill.

Back 5

He wanted the govt to step in and make improvements in working conditions. he also sought voting rights for workers and women.

Front 6

Name the invention or idea of this man:

Jethro Tull

Back 6

Seed drill

Front 7

Name the invention or idea of this man:

David Ricardo

Back 7

Iron Law of Wages ("higher wages = more kids, more kids = lower wages)

Front 8

Name the invention or idea of this man:

Richard Arkwright

Back 8

waterframe

Front 9

Name the invention or idea of this man:

John Wesley

Back 9

Methodism

Front 10

Name the invention or idea of this man:

Robert Owen

Back 10

model village showing work reforms

Front 11

Name the invention or idea of this man:

Adam Smith

Back 11

free market would drive down prices

Front 12

Name the invention or idea of this man:

Thomas Newcomen

Back 12

Steam engine

Front 13

Name the invention or idea of this man:

Karl Marx

Back 13

Communism

Front 14

Name the invention or idea of this man:

Jeremy Bentham

Back 14

Utilitarianism (govt should do the greatest good for the greatest number of people)

Front 15

Name the invention or idea of this man:

George Stephenson

Back 15

Steam locomotive

Front 16

Describe how the Industrial Revolution affected 1) the size of the population, 2) cities, 3) working and living conditions, and 4) women and children.

Back 16

1) population exploded, 2) cities grew up overnight, 3) working and living conditions were crummy, and 4) women and children were basically slaves to the machines in the factories under cruel masters.

Front 17

How did thinkers in the 1800s disagree about the role of govt in helping the poor?

Back 17

Some such as Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo thought there was nothing to be done. Others such as John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham (and possibly John Wesley) thought the govt should step in to help the poor.

Front 18

Define this word:

anesthetic

Back 18

a drug used to prevent pain during surgery

Front 19

Define this word:

smelt

Back 19

to separate iron from its ore

Front 20

Define this word:

capital

Back 20

money used to invest in a business

Front 21

Define this word:

factory

Back 21

a building in which lots of workers used machines to produce goods in mass quantities

Front 22

Define this word:

Urbanization

Back 22

the movement of people to cities

Front 23

Define this word:

labor union

Back 23

an organization dedicated to bringing about reforms in wages, hours and working conditions

Front 24

Define this word:

utilitarianism

Back 24

the govt should try to make the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

Front 25

Give 3 examples of how transportation improved during the Industrial Revolution.

Back 25

1. Steam locomotive 2. Steamboat 3. better roads and canals

Front 26

Explain how economic prosperity brought demand for goods.

Back 26

goods were more affordable, so more people were willing to buy them

Front 27

List 3 causes of population explosion.

Back 27

Overall, less people died because 1. better agriculture = less famine 2. better food = stronger women = healthier babies 3. better hygiene = fewer diseases

Front 28

Compare the factory worker during the Industrial Revolution to the farm worker before?

Back 28

- farm workers had a schedule set to change with the seasons, but factory workers had to keep the same schedule all the time - farm work allowed the woman to have more time to care for children - farm work had less dangerous conditions without the machines and polluted air

Front 29

Wwhat problems did factory work create for women?

Back 29

they were working 12 hours so they had little time to feed and care for their kids and keep their houses clean

Front 30

Describe Marx's view of history and how later events challenged his view.

Back 30

all of history is a struggle between the "haves" and the "have-nots." later people realized that working reform eliminated many of his problems and nationalism was more important than communism