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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why did Italy lead the Renaissance? |
Thriving trade brought them money, money brings power, rich and powerful people paid people to paint, most Urban area |
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Why aren't there any kings of Italy? |
Rich city states were strong and rich enough to buy their own army; Italy wasn't unified, Pop in Rome had all the power |
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Milan |
Crossroads of main trad routes, Visanti family established themselves as Dukes Sforza led mercenaries and conquered city |
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Visconti |
Dukes of Milan, power extended over Lombardy |
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Sforza |
Led band of mercenaries to conquer Milan, utilized efficient tax system to get large revenues |
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Mercenary |
soldiers who fought primarily for pay |
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Venice |
Elected leader called Doge, small group of wealthy aristocrats actually ran city, served as commercial link between Asia and Western Europe |
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Republic |
form of government in which leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote |
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Doge |
Elected leader of Venice |
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Florence |
Dominated northern Italian region of Tuscany, wealthy group of merchants ran the city, Cosimo de' Medici took control of city, Medici family ran government behind scenes, Cosimo's grandson took over |
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Medici |
Cosimo de' Medici controlled Florence, used his power to have grandson rule too |
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Savonarola |
Dominican preacher, condemned corruption of the Medicis, attacked corruption of the church, was executed for heresy |
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Charles VIII |
French king, led band of 30,000 men into Italy, occupied Naples |
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Charles I (Charles V) |
King of Spain, ruler of Holy Roman Empire, sacked Rome with mercenaries, dominant Spanish force in Italy |
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Italian Wars |
Charles I of Spain and Charles VIII of France fought to control Papal States |
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Machiavelli |
Wrote The Prince, said political activity should not be restricted by moral values |
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Nobility |
Dominated Renaissance society, hold important political posts |
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Castiglione |
Wrote The Book of the Courtier, taught how to follow the principles of nobility |
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Burgher |
member of the middle class who lived in a city or town |
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Mother and Father role in society |
Mother - supervise house and raise children - moral education Father - center of family, managed finances, determined children's lives |
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Humanism |
An intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of humanities |
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Petrarch |
Father of the Renaissance humanism, looked for forgotten Latin manuscripts |
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Vernacular |
Language of everyday speech in particular region |
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Dante |
wrote the Divine Comedy in native dialect of Florence, helped make vernacular literature popular |
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De Pizan |
Wrote the Book of the City of Ladies to defend women |
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Gutenburg |
Printing Press |
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How was Education shaped by Humanism? |
Humanist schools learned liberal studies, history, ethics, speaking, grammar, logic, poetry, math, music, astronomy, wanted to create well-rounded citizens |
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Giotto |
Italian painter, Human realities |
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Masaccio |
Painted frescoes to have depth, illusion of 3D, began renaissance period of art, Tribute Money depicts story of St. Peter, painted Brancacci chapel in Florence |
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Fresceo |
Painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints |
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Perspective |
artistic techniques used to give the effect of 3D depth to 2D surfaces |
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What are two major developments in Renaissance style of painting? |
1. Perspective and shapes 2. Study of Biology for realistic paintings |
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Donatello |
Sculptor, studied works of Greeks and Romans, created statue of St. George |
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Brunelleschi |
Architect, designed San Lorenzo in Florence, came up with way to build large exterior dome |
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Da Vinci |
"Renaissance man", mastered realistic painting, dissected human bodies, Artist, scientist, inventor, and visionary, painter Mona Lisa |
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Raphael |
numerous madonnas, frescoes in vatican palace, School of Athens |
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Michelangelo |
Painter, sculptor, and architect, painted Sistine Chapel ceiling - Proper human proportions |
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Robert Campin |
Flemish artist, painted Merode Altarpiece, used shadows to create depth |
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Jan van Eyck |
Perfected technique of oil painting, painter Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride |
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Albrecht Durer |
German artist, carefully examined human form, praying hands |