European History Chapter 15

Front 1

Why did Italy lead the Renaissance?

Back 1

Thriving trade brought them money, money brings power, rich and powerful people paid people to paint, most Urban area

Front 2

Why aren't there any kings of Italy?

Back 2

Rich city states were strong and rich enough to buy their own army; Italy wasn't unified, Pop in Rome had all the power

Front 3

Milan

Back 3

Crossroads of main trad routes, Visanti family established themselves as Dukes Sforza led mercenaries and conquered city

Front 4

Visconti

Back 4

Dukes of Milan, power extended over Lombardy

Front 5

Sforza

Back 5

Led band of mercenaries to conquer Milan, utilized efficient tax system to get large revenues

Front 6

Mercenary

Back 6

soldiers who fought primarily for pay

Front 7

Venice

Back 7

Elected leader called Doge, small group of wealthy aristocrats actually ran city, served as commercial link between Asia and Western Europe

Front 8

Republic

Back 8

form of government in which leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote

Front 9

Doge

Back 9

Elected leader of Venice

Front 10

Florence

Back 10

Dominated northern Italian region of Tuscany, wealthy group of merchants ran the city, Cosimo de' Medici took control of city, Medici family ran government behind scenes, Cosimo's grandson took over

Front 11

Medici

Back 11

Cosimo de' Medici controlled Florence, used his power to have grandson rule too

Front 12

Savonarola

Back 12

Dominican preacher, condemned corruption of the Medicis, attacked corruption of the church, was executed for heresy

Front 13

Charles VIII

Back 13

French king, led band of 30,000 men into Italy, occupied Naples

Front 14

Charles I (Charles V)

Back 14

King of Spain, ruler of Holy Roman Empire, sacked Rome with mercenaries, dominant Spanish force in Italy

Front 15

Italian Wars

Back 15

Charles I of Spain and Charles VIII of France fought to control Papal States

Front 16

Machiavelli

Back 16

Wrote The Prince, said political activity should not be restricted by moral values

Front 17

Nobility

Back 17

Dominated Renaissance society, hold important political posts

Front 18

Castiglione

Back 18

Wrote The Book of the Courtier, taught how to follow the principles of nobility

Front 19

Burgher

Back 19

member of the middle class who lived in a city or town

Front 20

Mother and Father role in society

Back 20

Mother - supervise house and raise children - moral education

Father - center of family, managed finances, determined children's lives

Front 21

Humanism

Back 21

An intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of humanities

Front 22

Petrarch

Back 22

Father of the Renaissance humanism, looked for forgotten Latin manuscripts

Front 23

Vernacular

Back 23

Language of everyday speech in particular region

Front 24

Dante

Back 24

wrote the Divine Comedy in native dialect of Florence, helped make vernacular literature popular

Front 25

De Pizan

Back 25

Wrote the Book of the City of Ladies to defend women

Front 26

Gutenburg

Back 26

Printing Press

Front 27

How was Education shaped by Humanism?

Back 27

Humanist schools learned liberal studies, history, ethics, speaking, grammar, logic, poetry, math, music, astronomy, wanted to create well-rounded citizens

Front 28

Giotto

Back 28

Italian painter, Human realities

Front 29

Masaccio

Back 29

Painted frescoes to have depth, illusion of 3D, began renaissance period of art, Tribute Money depicts story of St. Peter, painted Brancacci chapel in Florence

Front 30

Fresceo

Back 30

Painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints

Front 31

Perspective

Back 31

artistic techniques used to give the effect of 3D depth to 2D surfaces

Front 32

What are two major developments in Renaissance style of painting?

Back 32

1. Perspective and shapes

2. Study of Biology for realistic paintings

Front 33

Donatello

Back 33

Sculptor, studied works of Greeks and Romans, created statue of St. George

Front 34

Brunelleschi

Back 34

Architect, designed San Lorenzo in Florence, came up with way to build large exterior dome

Front 35

Da Vinci

Back 35

"Renaissance man", mastered realistic painting, dissected human bodies, Artist, scientist, inventor, and visionary, painter Mona Lisa

Front 36

Raphael

Back 36

numerous madonnas, frescoes in vatican palace, School of Athens

Front 37

Michelangelo

Back 37

Painter, sculptor, and architect, painted Sistine Chapel ceiling - Proper human proportions

Front 38

Robert Campin

Back 38

Flemish artist, painted Merode Altarpiece, used shadows to create depth

Front 39

Jan van Eyck

Back 39

Perfected technique of oil painting, painter Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride

Front 40

Albrecht Durer

Back 40

German artist, carefully examined human form, praying hands