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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lord and Vassal |
Lords were nobles who gave fiefs to knights for their military service. Vassals were knights who supported lords in exchange for land. |
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Feudalism |
"Land for Loyalty" |
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Serfs |
Workers who were tied to the land on which they lived. |
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Fief |
Pieces of land that lords gave to their vassals. |
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The Manor System |
The system where serfs farmed land and lived on a knight's fief and gave the knight some food in return. |
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Viking Invasions |
The vikings invaded places throughout Europe. The Viking Longship allowed them to go up rivers and attack areas inland. |
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Knights |
Warriors who fought on horseback |
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Chivalry |
The code of honorable behavior for medieval knights. |
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Monks and Missionaries |
Missionaries are people who try to convert other people to a particular religion. Monks were religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities. |
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Orthodox vs Catholic Church |
The Byzantine Orthodox Church believed that the bishops should control religious matters, while the Roman Catholic Church believed that the pope should control religious matters.
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Excommunication |
The process by which the pope denied someone the trip to heaven. |
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The Crusades |
The "Holy" Wars in which the Christians tried to take Jerusalem back from the Muslims |
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Catholic Artistic Expression |
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The Magna Carta |
The document signed by King John that said that everyone, including the king, was bound by the law. |
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Habeas Corpus |
People could only be punished if they were proven guilty in a fair trial. |
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Parliament |
The council of nobles created to advise the king. |
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Hundred Years War |
The long conflict between England and France |
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The Plague |
A deadly plague that killed 25 million people in Europe; a third of it's population. |
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Heresy |
Religious teachings that oppose church teachings. |
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Spain Reconquista |
The Christian's efforts to retake Spain from the Moors, or northwestern African Muslims |
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Spanish Inquisition |
An organization of priests that looked for and punished anyone in Spain suspected of secretly practicing their old religion. |
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Universities |
The earliest universities were created by the church. Schools taught religion, medicine, law, astronomy, and other courses. Everything was taught in Latin. |
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Friars |
People who belonged to religious orders but lived and worked among the general public. |
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Pilgrimages |
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The Little Optimum |
A spike in temperature that contributed to agriculture. |
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Clovis |
A Frankish ruler under which the Franks became Christian and became one of the strongest kingdoms in Europe. |
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Charlemagne |
The leader under which the Franks reached the peak of their power. He wanted to unite eastern Europe. He conquered many lands and encouraged learning. |
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Alfred the Great |
The ruler of England who stopped the Vikings and brought education back. Brought peace to England and preserved Anglo Saxon culture. Considered the founding father of England. |
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Eleanor of Aquitaine |
She ruled Aquitaine, a region in southwestern France. In 1137, she became queen of France be marrying King Louis VII. Later, she married King Henry II and became queen of England. She still spent a lot of time ruling her own territory. |
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Pope Urban II |
The Pope of the Roman Catholic Church who launched the Crusades. |
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William the Conquerer |
The ruler who brought feudalism to England and replaced Anglo Saxon rule with Norman rule in England. |
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Pope Gregory VII & Henry IV |
Gregory disapproved a bishop chosen by Henry, and then Henry convinced bishops to remove Gregory from pope. In return, Gregory excommunicated Henry and convinced nobles to overthrow Henry. Henry begged Gregory to forgive him, proving that the pope was more powerful than the king. |
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St. Thomas Aquinas |
A Dominican philosopher and teacher at the University of Paris who argued that rational thoughts could be used to support Christian beliefs. |
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King John (Magna Carta) |
The king who signed the Magna Carta. |
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King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella |
The king and queen who brought an end to the Reconquista and made sure everyone in Spain was a Christian. They also sponsored Christopher Columbus. |
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St. Patrick |
The missionary who spread Christianity to Ireland |
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St. Benedict |
An Italian Monk who created a set of rules called the Benedictine Rule. This set of rules was for monks. |
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Richard the Lionheart & Saladin |
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Joan of Arc |
A French peasant girl who rallied the French troops in the Hundred Years War |
