Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Mediterranean Sea
|
*"Mare Nostrum" (Our Sea)
*seriously polluted *"crossroads of 3 continents" |
|
|
Danube R.
|
*central river of Europe
*used for transportation by many different countries *tourism |
|
|
Volga R.
|
*longest in Europe
*polluted, even though there's a good deal of fishing (decreased profit) |
|
|
Highest mountain in the Alps
|
Mt. Blanc
|
|
|
Caucasus Mountains
|
Transylvania; home of count dracula
|
|
|
Ural Mountains
|
*"the great divide"
*divide Europe and Asain sections of Russia |
|
|
Benelux countries
|
Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg: created a union beginning of the EU
|
|
|
Norwegian Fjords
|
deep cuts in valleys made by glaciers in the ice age
|
|
|
Lochs and Peat
|
Lochs: Deep lakes created by glaciers
Peat: decayed vegetable matter used for heat |
|
|
Mediterranean Islands
|
*ruggen/mountainous; so polluted, will take 1000 years to clean up
*Sardinia, Cyprus, and Malta |
|
|
Sicily's active volcano
|
Mt. Edna
|
|
|
Siberia
|
*permafrost
*nomadic reindeer herders |
|
|
gulags
|
Soviet prison camps
|
|
|
Lake Baikal
|
Siberian lake; oldest, deepest lake in world
|
|
|
Trans-Siberian Railroad
|
connects Moscow to European Russia and Mongolia and China.
|
|
|
Soviet Breadbasket
|
Steppes
|
|
|
Germany's Black Forest
|
scenic tourism and wood products
|
|
|
Tundra
|
below the arctic circle
|
|
|
Greece
|
Polis (city-state)- birth of democracy
|
|
|
Rome
|
Republic (made of elected ppl)
Division of powers (early checks and balances) |
|
|
How was the Black death contracted?
|
bacteria in waste (poor waste management)>>>rats>>>household pets>>>people
|
|
|
what's another possible reason the black death was so fatal?
|
famine prior to the black death caused by overfarming the land, a population crisis, and climate changes
= weakened immune system |
|
|
Where did the Black Death have its roots?
|
China
|
|
|
Reactions in Europe to the Black Death
|
*Quarantine of infected houses, RED CROSS
*vendetta against cats/rats *Medicines: mostly religious and supersticious (leeching, lancing (cutting off bulbs) and self inflicted pain |
|
|
flagellanti
|
self-inflicted penance for sins
|
|
|
Aftermath of the Black Death
|
*end of feudalism
*new research in medicine *improved sanitation |
|
|
NATO stands for:
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
|
|
|
What is NATO?
|
An alliance of countries committed to protecting one another in matters of defense.
|
|
|
Original members of NATO:
|
US, Canada, and many W. European countries.
|
|
|
Change of role of NATO:
|
from military and anti-communist to economic/political
|
|
|
European Union (EU)goals
|
*unification, not nationalism
*single market, common currency (EURO), current trade, and political, economic, and social cooperation. |
|
|
Trotsky
|
*Minister of Foreign Affairs
*wanted a worldwide revolution of workers *Marxist *Radical journalism put him in jail early in his life *Organized the Red Guard *Negotiated the peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
|
|
Stalin- individual characteristics
|
*leader during WWII
*lived underground planning riots and strikes *role in gv't before coming to power: General Seceretary of the Communist Party *"streetwise thug" |
|
|
Stalin- Actions during rule
|
*central planning- 5 year plans for means of production and items (controlled by government)
*heavy industry- Steel, machines, and equipment for making machines *collective farms- peasants forced to merge (run by government) *purges- 1/2 million party members expelled (exiled/sent them to siberian prison camps) *police state-created state of fear, interrogations |
|
|
Krushchev- Individual Characteristics
|
*made friends in high places in order to gain power
*denounced Stalin in 1956 *revisionism *rewrote history books *coal miner before politics |
|
|
Krushchev- Actions during rule
|
*de-Stalinization
*peaceful coexistence-an attempt to avoid total war *3rd World treatment-gave support and tried to "communize" *Relationship with China- fighting along border *Berlin Wall built |
|
|
Brezhnev- Individual Characteristics
|
*continued Krushchev's policies
*emphasized efficiency and achievement *middle class man before he went into politics |
|
|
Brezhnev- Actions during rule
|
*Relationship with China-fighting for control of communist world
*Chechoslovakia- trying to have freedom movement; crushed by Russian troops *Detente- policy of relaxing international tensions *Afghanistan- invaded, wanted to take over, but had to pull out (like a Soviet Vietnam) |
|
|
What word does "tsar" come from?
|
Ceasar
|
|
|
Earliest Tsar, Last Tsar?
|
Ivan, Nick
|
|
|
Nicholas II's problems
|
1) social/economic dilemas
2) Industrial Expansion benefited only small percentage of the population 3) Alexandra- bad influence |
|
|
opposition that went up against Nicholas II
|
Russian Social Democratic Worker's Party
|
|
|
2 supporters of communism back in the days of the last Tsar
|
1) Menshivicks-gradual change
2) Bolshevicks-immediate revolution |
|
|
Marxism
|
bourguise and proletariats
high class and workers workers must overcome the high class dictators and eliminate the class system |
|
|
Events that allow communism to succeed
|
1) Russo-Japanese War (Japs won, made russia look bad)
2) Bloody Sunday 3)World War I 4)Rasputin 5)Foot riot; Nicholas abdicated and Duma set up 6)Lenin comes back with German help 7)Bolshevicks promise food bread and land 8)COMMUNISM IS BORN |
|
|
Duma?
|
temporary government
|
|
|
Lenin's death
|
led to the stalin/trotsky power struggle
|
|
|
Gorbachev
|
*glastnost-no more lying by the government
*parastroika-balancing economy and demand of ppl *won nobel peace prize *chernobyl |
|
|
Fall of the Soviet Union
|
*bad economic/political conditions
*coup-put Gorbachev under house arrest while lying to the people and saying he was on vacation *Gorbechev resigned *"commonwealth of independent republics" formed |
|
|
first republic to ask for its independence
|
Estonia
|
|
|
Boris Yeltsin
|
Ban of Communist Party
|
|
|
Vladimir Putin
|
Leader of Russia Today
|
|
|
Chernobyl- what? causes?
|
Happened in Modern-day Ukraine
*Nuclear Accident cased by reactor design flaws, no proper safetly requirements, nad improperly trained personnel. |
|
|
Chernobyl- effects
|
*many people killed on site, many by radiation poisoning
*People had to relocate *farmland destroyed *made ppl aware |
|
|
US Reaction to Chernobyl
|
*3-Mile Island scare- shut down
*more careful, provide iodine pills |
|
|
Chechya
|
*Muslim/Christian conflict made terrorists hold hostages
*gas used on vics, criticized afterwards *other events-2004, 300 civilians die at a school, suicide bombs and terrorists attacks |
|
|
Isaac Krisanseb
|
special envoy from Chech who negotiated at Chechya
|
