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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mediterranean Sea
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*"Mare Nostrum" (Our Sea)
*seriously polluted *"crossroads of 3 continents" |
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Danube R.
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*central river of Europe
*used for transportation by many different countries *tourism |
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Volga R.
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*longest in Europe
*polluted, even though there's a good deal of fishing (decreased profit) |
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Highest mountain in the Alps
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Mt. Blanc
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Caucasus Mountains
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Transylvania; home of count dracula
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Ural Mountains
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*"the great divide"
*divide Europe and Asain sections of Russia |
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Benelux countries
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Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg: created a union beginning of the EU
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Norwegian Fjords
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deep cuts in valleys made by glaciers in the ice age
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Lochs and Peat
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Lochs: Deep lakes created by glaciers
Peat: decayed vegetable matter used for heat |
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Mediterranean Islands
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*ruggen/mountainous; so polluted, will take 1000 years to clean up
*Sardinia, Cyprus, and Malta |
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Sicily's active volcano
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Mt. Edna
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Siberia
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*permafrost
*nomadic reindeer herders |
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gulags
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Soviet prison camps
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Lake Baikal
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Siberian lake; oldest, deepest lake in world
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Trans-Siberian Railroad
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connects Moscow to European Russia and Mongolia and China.
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Soviet Breadbasket
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Steppes
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Germany's Black Forest
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scenic tourism and wood products
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Tundra
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below the arctic circle
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Greece
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Polis (city-state)- birth of democracy
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Rome
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Republic (made of elected ppl)
Division of powers (early checks and balances) |
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How was the Black death contracted?
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bacteria in waste (poor waste management)>>>rats>>>household pets>>>people
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what's another possible reason the black death was so fatal?
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famine prior to the black death caused by overfarming the land, a population crisis, and climate changes
= weakened immune system |
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Where did the Black Death have its roots?
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China
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Reactions in Europe to the Black Death
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*Quarantine of infected houses, RED CROSS
*vendetta against cats/rats *Medicines: mostly religious and supersticious (leeching, lancing (cutting off bulbs) and self inflicted pain |
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flagellanti
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self-inflicted penance for sins
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Aftermath of the Black Death
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*end of feudalism
*new research in medicine *improved sanitation |
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NATO stands for:
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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What is NATO?
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An alliance of countries committed to protecting one another in matters of defense.
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Original members of NATO:
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US, Canada, and many W. European countries.
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Change of role of NATO:
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from military and anti-communist to economic/political
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European Union (EU)goals
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*unification, not nationalism
*single market, common currency (EURO), current trade, and political, economic, and social cooperation. |
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Trotsky
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*Minister of Foreign Affairs
*wanted a worldwide revolution of workers *Marxist *Radical journalism put him in jail early in his life *Organized the Red Guard *Negotiated the peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
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Stalin- individual characteristics
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*leader during WWII
*lived underground planning riots and strikes *role in gv't before coming to power: General Seceretary of the Communist Party *"streetwise thug" |
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Stalin- Actions during rule
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*central planning- 5 year plans for means of production and items (controlled by government)
*heavy industry- Steel, machines, and equipment for making machines *collective farms- peasants forced to merge (run by government) *purges- 1/2 million party members expelled (exiled/sent them to siberian prison camps) *police state-created state of fear, interrogations |
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Krushchev- Individual Characteristics
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*made friends in high places in order to gain power
*denounced Stalin in 1956 *revisionism *rewrote history books *coal miner before politics |
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Krushchev- Actions during rule
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*de-Stalinization
*peaceful coexistence-an attempt to avoid total war *3rd World treatment-gave support and tried to "communize" *Relationship with China- fighting along border *Berlin Wall built |
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Brezhnev- Individual Characteristics
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*continued Krushchev's policies
*emphasized efficiency and achievement *middle class man before he went into politics |
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Brezhnev- Actions during rule
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*Relationship with China-fighting for control of communist world
*Chechoslovakia- trying to have freedom movement; crushed by Russian troops *Detente- policy of relaxing international tensions *Afghanistan- invaded, wanted to take over, but had to pull out (like a Soviet Vietnam) |
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What word does "tsar" come from?
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Ceasar
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Earliest Tsar, Last Tsar?
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Ivan, Nick
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Nicholas II's problems
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1) social/economic dilemas
2) Industrial Expansion benefited only small percentage of the population 3) Alexandra- bad influence |
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opposition that went up against Nicholas II
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Russian Social Democratic Worker's Party
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2 supporters of communism back in the days of the last Tsar
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1) Menshivicks-gradual change
2) Bolshevicks-immediate revolution |
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Marxism
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bourguise and proletariats
high class and workers workers must overcome the high class dictators and eliminate the class system |
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Events that allow communism to succeed
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1) Russo-Japanese War (Japs won, made russia look bad)
2) Bloody Sunday 3)World War I 4)Rasputin 5)Foot riot; Nicholas abdicated and Duma set up 6)Lenin comes back with German help 7)Bolshevicks promise food bread and land 8)COMMUNISM IS BORN |
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Duma?
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temporary government
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Lenin's death
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led to the stalin/trotsky power struggle
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Gorbachev
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*glastnost-no more lying by the government
*parastroika-balancing economy and demand of ppl *won nobel peace prize *chernobyl |
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Fall of the Soviet Union
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*bad economic/political conditions
*coup-put Gorbachev under house arrest while lying to the people and saying he was on vacation *Gorbechev resigned *"commonwealth of independent republics" formed |
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first republic to ask for its independence
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Estonia
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Boris Yeltsin
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Ban of Communist Party
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Vladimir Putin
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Leader of Russia Today
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Chernobyl- what? causes?
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Happened in Modern-day Ukraine
*Nuclear Accident cased by reactor design flaws, no proper safetly requirements, nad improperly trained personnel. |
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Chernobyl- effects
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*many people killed on site, many by radiation poisoning
*People had to relocate *farmland destroyed *made ppl aware |
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US Reaction to Chernobyl
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*3-Mile Island scare- shut down
*more careful, provide iodine pills |
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Chechya
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*Muslim/Christian conflict made terrorists hold hostages
*gas used on vics, criticized afterwards *other events-2004, 300 civilians die at a school, suicide bombs and terrorists attacks |
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Isaac Krisanseb
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special envoy from Chech who negotiated at Chechya
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