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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Herodotus and Thucydides
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Hellenic Period
Herodotus: -used different stories, tales, legends -biased -used own voice -tradition Thucydides: -evidence -facts -eye-witnesses |
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Art, Architecture, Sculpture
Hellenistic vs. Hellenic |
Hellenic:
-humanism -idealism-->(strong and beautiful), perfect body -valued gods/animals -Anthropomorphic=change into gods -Parthenon=temple to Goddess Athena on the Acropolis -emotionless-->serene face Hellenistic: Colossus of Rhodes -bronze statue -over 100 ft high -destroyed by earthquake -realism -detail -emotion |
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Hellenistic Achievements:
Philosophy and Art |
Philosophy:
Zeno founded stoicism -->virtue, harmony with god, desires were bad Art: Statues: -honored gods -honored heroes and portrayed people -natural -royal palaces -museums |
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Hellenistic Period:
Math, Science, Astronomy (people) |
Math:
Archimedes -estimated value of Pi -invented the screw Pythagorus (Theorem) Euclid -book, "The Element" Geometric proofs and prep Science: Hipparchus -made medicine an independent discipline Astronomy: Ptolemy -incorrectly placed Earth at center of solar system Aristarchus -plants revolve around the sun -sun is larger than the earth |
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Hellenistic Period
(general facts) |
323-146 BC
Government- Alexander's empire COSMOPOLITAN=multicultural -uncertainty/new ideas Ethnicity- Mixture-->Greece, India, Persia, large cities, cultural diffusion Religion/Philosophy: -stoicism -Epicureanism Art: -realistic -detail -emotion |
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humanism
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intellectual movement in which people studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
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Hellenic Athenian Achievements
(theatre) |
Parthenon
-large, traditional building -honor Athena Tragedy -serious -love, hate, war, betrayal Comedy -humorous -made fun of politics -respected people History -no written records -Herodotus and Thucydides |
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geography
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-sea-->sailors
-sea travel -mountains-->divided into smaller communities, natural land barrier -uneven terrain-->land transportation was difficult -little fertile farmland and fresh water -->small population -moderate temp-->outdoor events |
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How did Mycenaeans, Minoans, and Dorians influence Greece?
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Mycenaeans (+)
-warrior-king ruled -protective wall Minoans (+)(+) -writing system--> adapted to Greek language -religious practices -art -politics -literature Dorians (-) -lose writing -economy collapsed |
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Reformers/Reforms
Athens-->Democratic -struggles between rich and poor -->Democracy |
Draco
-legal code -equal under law, despite wealth -death is a legal punishment -debt slavery Solon -no citizen should own another citizen -->outlawed debt slavery -4 social classes according to wealth -any citizens could bring charges against criminals Cleisthenes -10 groups based on where they lived -created Council of 5 Hundred -->citizens could submit laws -only free adult male property -owners=citizens |
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tyrant
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-powerful individual
-gained control of city-states government by appealing to poor for support -set up programs to provide jobs and housing |
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Helots
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peasants in Sparta forced to stay on the land they worked
Sparta=Messenians -Spartans demanded half of their crops -harsh rule-->Sparta wins |
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Pericles' Goals
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1. Stronger Democracy
-wealth didn't matter/could still serve if elected -Direct Democracy-citizens rule 2. Strengthen Athenian Empire -Delian League -strengthened navy-->raw materials 3. Glorify Athens -spent money on gold, ivory and marble -beautiful with art -gave money to artists, architects, and workers |
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Persian War
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Greece vs. Persian Empire
only wealthy could afford weapons -->cheaper weapons -->more could afford -->bigger army successful in Ionia-->successful in Marathon 10 years later-->won against Persians -all Spartans killed -won battle of Plataea Effects: -Delian League -confidence and freedom -Athens led Delian League and gained control |
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Monarchy
Aristocracy Oligarchy |
Monarchy- single king rule
Aristocracy- gov rules by small group of noble land-owning families Trade expands-->wealthy merchants and artisans take power Oligarchy-gov ruled by few powerful people |
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democracy
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Power struggles between rich and poor--> gov is controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives
-limited gov -leaders are elected -equality before law -freedom-->speech, property, religion |
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Direct Democracy
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-citizens rule directly, not through representatives
Persian War-->Golden Age of Athens (Pericles rule) male citizens who served in assembly |
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Alexander the Great
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Hellenistic Period
(+) -united east and west -able to adapt -quickly came up with plans -had journalist -conquered 2 million sq. mi -tolerant of others -smart -brave -determined -good war tactics -strategic -grew army (-) -murderer -inconsiderate of conquered -killed and enslaved -fought for glory -kept wanting more -never content -cruel punishments -believed he was a god -violent -alcoholic |
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hubris
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excessive pride
Peloponnesian War: Athens became more successful -->hostility between Athens and Sparta -Athens faced plague-->continued to fight -Athens attack Sparta-->Spartan Army crushes Athens-->Athens lose empire |
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Peloponnesian War
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(Pericles)
-Hellenic Period-->Golden Age of Athens -Athens' hubris-->hostility-->Pel. War Athens: navy -imperialistic -democracy -individualism Sparta: army -opposite of Athens -militaristic Effect: Sparta wins-->Athens loses empire |
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Sparta
daily life |
Values
-did not value art or literature -valued duty, strength, and discipline over freedom, beauty, individuality, and learning Men -served in army until age 60 -leave home at 7 -military training -slept on hard benches -ate porridge Women -free, unlike most places -ran, wrestled, played sports -service above family |
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Socrates
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Athenian
Hellenic Period -sought absolute truths through questioning -through about values and actions -disliked-->put to death -radical-extreme -questioned things |
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Aristotle
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Athens
Hellenic Period -method-->logic for arguments -used method for biology, physics -taught Alexander and accepted his invasion |
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Plato
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Athens
Hellenic Period -student of Socrates -senses lie- objects=not real -ideal society-->republic 1) farmers and artisans 2) warriors 3) rulers |
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Pre-Socratic Philosophers
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*Thales- founder of science and philosophy
Pythagoras- numbers=mystical quantity -earth is spherical |
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Stoicism and Epicureanism
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Hellenistic Period
Stoicism- accepting of things that cannot change -virtue -harmony with god -desires=bad Epicureanism -YOLO -enjoy life -opposite of Stoicism -pleasure seeking -live life and have fun -gods have no interest in humans |
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Evolution of Greek Philosophy
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1. Mythology
-gods and goddesses=responsible for everything 2. Natural Philosophy -natural forces -reason and observation 3. Humanism -concerned with how people lived -reason *balance between freedom and authority* |
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polis/city-state
acropolis |
polis- fundamental political unit in Greece
-city and surrounding countryside -villages -50-500 sq. miles in territory -<10,000 residents acropolis- fortified hilltop where citizens gathered to discuss city government |
