Euro Chapter 15

Front 1

prince henry the navigator

Back 1

younger son of the King of Portugal who helped capture the North African Por of Ceuta from the Muslims-sparked high interest in Africa-inspiried him to sponsor a navigational school in lisbon and a series of epeditions which developed trade with affrica but also helped find a route to india and far east around africa

Front 2

what did prince henry the navogator spark that was important?

Back 2

1. made a conquest that started interest in africa
2. opened a natigation school that had a series of expeditions to develop trade with africa and find a route to india around africa

Front 3

Bartholomew dias

Back 3

portueguse captain who sailed around the cape of good hope at the tip of africa

Front 4

vasco da gama

Back 4

reached the coast of indian

Front 5

what gave the portuguese a huge advantage?

Back 5

they were the first to have cannons on ships and deployed their ships in groups and not alone

Front 6

how did this help the portuguese?

Back 6

they established themselves on the western coast of india and for a while controlled the spice trade

Front 7

what did the spanish decide to do while the portuguese were controlling the africa route to to the indian ocean

Back 7

try to get an atlantic route to the east

Front 8

what was bad about columbus's journeys?

Back 8

he didnt find gold or spices

Front 9

what was good about columbus's journey?

Back 9

other generations built on his discoveries

Front 10

ferdinand magellan

Back 10

set out to circumnavigate the globe-proved where columbus landed was not part of the far east but an entirely unknown continent

Front 11

hernan cortes

Back 11

brought the spanish to mexico and conquered the aztec empire

Front 12

why did some aztecs coopertate with the spanish

Back 12

they were conquered by the aztecs and felt no loyalty to the aztecs, who practiced human sacrifice

Front 13

what did the aztec empire become?

Back 13

new spain

Front 14

what ruled aztec ability to fight against Spanish rule?

Back 14

smallpox and other european diseases

Front 15

francisco pizarro

Back 15

spnaish soldier who captured Inca Empire of Peru

Front 16

why did spanihs and portueguese need to take africans from their homelands to serve on farms and in the mines of the new world/

Back 16

bc the nativfes were dying of disease and overowrk

Front 17

price revolution

Back 17

sudden influx of preciousmetals into europe, most noticeably silver.

Front 18

what was the primary factor of the price revolution

Back 18

the population explosion

Front 19

what was the second factor

Back 19

the stream of wealth flowing from the new world to the old helped create a significant rise in prices during this period

Front 20

what did inflation fuel

Back 20

economic and socail tensions in a europe that previously had been accustomed to stable prices

Front 21

what contributed to the population growth

Back 21

agricultural--advance in diets

Front 22

treaty of lodi

Back 22

provided balance of power among the major italian city states. created an alliance between long term enemies milan and naples and also included the support of florence-combined powers made sure outside powers stayed out of Italian affairs

Front 23

why did the french under Charles VIII go into the italian alps

Back 23

because milan asked french to come to italy to get their long-standing claim to naples

Front 24

what happened?

Back 24

the french got kicked out and the medici empire in florence was restored

Front 25

what laid the groundwork for the eeventual consolidation of the Spanish peninsuula

Back 25

the marriage of Ferdinand, king of aragon, and isabella, queen of castille

Front 26

spanish inquisition

Back 26

an effective method that the spanish monarchy used to root out suspected protestants

Front 27

how did charles V become the leader of a vast empire that dominated europe

Back 27

series of well-planned marriages

Front 28

what did charles V do when he didnt feel like runnin ght eempire anymore

Back 28

split it up----gave the troublesome eastern Habsburg lands of Austria, Bohemia, and Hungarary as well as his title of holy roman emperor,, to his brother Ferdinand
-gave the more valuable part of the empire, spain and its vast holdings in the new world, along with southern italy and the netherlands, to his son Philip

Front 29

why did philip lanch the spanish armaada

Back 29

he used a lot of money to restore Spanish control after he put down a revolt in the netherlands bc

Front 30

spnaish armaga

Back 30

an attempt by philip to conquer england, which, under queen elizabeths rule, was aiding the dutch rebels

Front 31

why were the dutch rebelling

Back 31

followed an attempt by philip to impose the doctrines of the council of trent and the inquisition in a land where calvinism was big, especailyl among the aristocracy

Front 32

what finally happened?

Back 32

netherlands got their freedom and indepedence from spain

Front 33

cervantes

Back 33

spaiish writer during a cultural golden age who wrote Don Quixote about values of chivalry in spain

Front 34

what led to a decline in spains power

Back 34

the constant wars, the effects of the price revolution, and the economic collpase of the castillian economy

Front 35

wwhy did hte holy roman empire weaken?

Back 35

as a result of conflicts with the papacy

Front 36

golden bull of charles IV

Back 36

document, which granted to seven german princes the right to elect an emperor, made it clear that the emperor geld office by election rather than hereditary right

Front 37

what kind of rulers did the princes ususalyl choose?

Back 37

weak rulers who wouldnt sstand int he way of their own political ambitions

Front 38

what was a new way for german princes to avoid loses their independence?

Back 38

the lutheran reformation

Front 39

who tried to establish genuine imperial control over the habsberg empire as emperor?

Back 39

charves V

Front 40

peace of augsburg

Back 40

signified the end of the religious wars in the time of charles v, who now agreed to adhere to the basic prinicple that the prince decides the religion of the territory

Front 41

what did peace of augsburg not grant recognition to?

Back 41

calvinitsts,

Front 42

thirty years war

Back 42

a struggle that combined political and religious issues, marked one final attempt within the holy empire to unite it

Front 43

where did the war begin?

Back 43

bohemia

Front 44

why did it start

Back 44

ferdinand was cronwed king and he was catholic, and most of the bohemians were protestant-the king waws intolerant towards their religious beliefs so a group of bohemian protestant nobles through two of ferdinands catholic advisors out the window-ferdinand was elected holy homan emperor but the bohemians made a calvinist leader instead of him as king. ferdinand didnt have an army so he got duke of bavaria to help him

Front 45

battleof white mountain

Back 45

bavarian forces won victory and became king of bohemia again but only for a short time

Front 46

why didnt the thirty years war just end then?

Back 46

1. private armies wanted to fight to make a living
2. outsiders became involved bc of the threat to protestants in germany-both catholic and protestant rulers were concerned that because one of the territories didnt have an electoral vote bc of the bohemian phase, they didnt have german liberties, meaning hte independence and political rights enjoyed by territories in the roman empire
3. emperor ferdinand took the defeated protestant's land and greated an opportunity to bring habsburg under control

Front 47

wallenstein

Back 47

bohemian noble who controlled an area and helped gerdinand try to gain control over the habsburg empire