Euro Ch 11-12

Front 1

NAP III's FOPO goals

Back 1

to overcome containment in Europe after the Congress of Vienna, to realign continental politics to benefit FR, and to acquire int'l glory like a true Bonaparte

Front 2

NAP III backed investment banks called

Back 2

the Credit Mobilier

Front 3

public works created by NAP III (2)

Back 3

RR
Suez Canal

Front 4

NAP III ruled by this phrase and thus oppressed many dissenters

Back 4

"Order and Progress"

Front 5

NAP III's FOPO in Mexico

Back 5

He tried to install Habsburg emperor Francis Joseph's brother Maximilian as ruler but it ended with Max's execution

Front 6

NAP III's most famous DOPO and it was done under this man

Back 6

rebuilding Paris (Baron Haussmann)

Front 7

Changes to Paris under NAP III (7)

Back 7

1. Haussman's Boulevards- help prevent barricades, 20 meters wide, facilitate commerce and transportation
2. New streetlamps- reduced crime
3. new facades- height limit and neo-classical elements
4. bridges- "N" for nap
5. architecture of state buildings elaborate- solidity of state, prevent revolt
6. Paris Opera House- Baroque architecture
7. New Parks- Parc Montsouris, ease working class discomfort to prevent revolution

Front 8

Napoleon was known as the...(2)

Back 8

"Liberal Emperor"
and
"Socialist Emperor"

Front 9

Combatants of the Crimean War

Back 9

Russia vs BR and FR
Nicholas I Romanov pressured Ottoman Empire with the intent of getting Constantinople and Wallachia and Moldavia

BR and FR tries to "protect the Christians" in reality to check Russia and BOP and to protect Mediterranean sea routes

Front 10

"Firsts" of the Crimean War (6)

Back 10

1. 1st war of the Industrial Era
2. Appearance of Steamships, breech-loading shell-firing artillery, breech-loading rifles, telegraph, tactical use of RRs by BR
3. trenches dug
4. Newspaper correspondents (William Russell, London TImes)
5. Female battlefield nurses- Nightingale, Seacole
6. Hand-rolled paper "cigarettes"

Front 11

Results of Crimean War

Back 11

1. Ottoman=> "sick man of europe"
2. industrial capacity = ability to wage war (BR and FR)
3. superiority of BR and FR and weakness of RUS and AUS
4. Alexander II Romanov "the liberator tsar" ends RUS serfdom and hopes to create a mobile labor force and a larger middle class REALPOLITIK

Front 12

Poem written by this man regarding a battle during the Crimean War (Romantic poetry)

Back 12

The Charge of the Light Brigade

Alfred Tennyson

Front 13

Why was NAP III known as the liberal emperor? (8)

Back 13

1. public works- parks, sewers, RR, schools, roads
2. workhouses, hospitals, asylums, more humane prisons
3. unions had right to strike
4. subsidized medicine
5. free trade agreements (econ reform)
6. credit mobilier- investment banking-> capital->projects
7. "limited liability" stock (you can only lose value of stock)
8. Suez Canal!

Front 14

FOPO of NAP III (4)

Back 14

1. Crimean 1853-56 WIN
2. Italian War of Unification LOSE
3. Mexico Empire LOSE
4. Franco-Prussian War 1870-71 LOSE (they captured NAP)

Front 15

Reforms of Alexander II (6)

Back 15

1. Emancipation of Serfs (22 mil serfs)
2. creation of justice system to limit landowners' rights to mete out justice arbitrarily
3. est. of zemstvos (regional self-governing councils) to promote local govt
4. community of serfs-> "mir"
5. gave all Russians access to modern civil courts (equality of all ppl before the law)
6. ended 25 yr period of conscription (now 6yr term and attention to education, efficiency, and humane treatment of recruits)

Front 16

Russian's youth became _____, lacking belief in any values whatsoever.

Back 16

nihilists

Front 17

This man's opera became the Italians' song of liberation

Back 17

Guiseppe Verdi

Va Pensiero

Front 18

Why did the charge of the light brigade occur?

Back 18

Bad communication

Front 19

What was known as the last true gasp of napoleon warfare?

Back 19

charge of the light brigade

Front 20

"Brain, Soul, and Sword" of Italian Unity

Back 20

Brain- Cavour (PM of P-S)
Soul- Verdi + Mazzini (writer)
Sword- Garibaldi and "Red shirts"

Front 21

The Italian word symbolized the process of italian unification

Back 21

risorgimento!

Front 22

Why Piedmont-Sardinia? (6)

Back 22

1. Vibrant economy
2. Industrialized
3. strong army
4. French aid
5. constitutional monarchy/efficient govt
6. Cavour!

Front 23

7 Steps to Italian Unification (general)

Back 23

1. Redeem Lombardy/Venetia from AUS with help of FR
2. Garibaldi and red shirts intervene
3. Garibaldi turns movement/red shirts over to V Emmanuel
4. Italy! 1861
5. Italy + Venetia! 1866
6. Italy + Rome! 1870
7. Italy that pope supported 1929

Front 24

Cavour asked NAP III to help in redeeming Lombardy/Venetia from AUS. Why did NAP help? (5)

Back 24

1. AUS was their ancestral enemy
2. offered land (nice and savoy)
3. military glory
4. nap was basically italian
5. hoped to carve out a sphere of influence in Italy

Front 25

FR/P victories at these two places

Back 25

1. Magenta
2. Solferino

Front 26

Why was Cavour personally disappointed with the outcome of the FR/PS vs AUS war?

Back 26

Although P gets Lombardy, AUS kept Venetia because FR withdraws due to its starting to upset BoP

Front 27

Garibaldi and the Red shirts' route of attack

Back 27

from Sicily to Naples with monarchs collapsing along the way due to popular support

Front 28

Why did V Emmanuel intervene in Garibaldi's plan?

Back 28

Garibaldi was marching on Rome (capital) and this might bring FR involvement and Catholics all over EU would have opposed

Front 29

Why did Garibaldi give up so easily to V Emmanuel?

Back 29

He wanted a republic and gave up this dream for a unified Italy bc V Emmanuel and Cavour wanted Constitutional Monarchy

Front 30

Who said that GER will achieve its place in the sun?

Back 30

Kaiser Wilhelm I

Front 31

Why was EU scared of a German nation?

Back 31

united GER state will have biggest econ + pop & most industrialized

Front 32

Why was a unified Ger more threatening than a unified Italy?

Back 32

Italy didn't have population, location, militaristic attitude, and resource as GER

Front 33

German unification: Herder

Back 33

Father of "nationalism"
-every country/group of ppl has own unique cultural identity
-none are superior!
- VOLKSGELST ("spirit of the people")

Front 34

German unification: Fichte

Back 34

-German spirit is more noble than others...must be kept PURE from FR, Slavic, Jewish cultures...(east of Ger)

Front 35

German unification: Father Jahn

Back 35

-VOLK must not be corrupted by foreign influence
-founded a YOUTH MOVEMENT
-group exercises

Front 36

4 events that set the stage for GER unity

Back 36

1. HRE (1st attempt for unity by Charles V)
2. Zollverein (mid 1800s Ger unity free trade, tariff free, econ unity)
3. Frankfurt Assembly 1848- middle class action
4. NAP I- era of nationalism

Front 37

What is the "small GER w/o AUS" called?

Back 37

Kleindeutsch

Front 38

Denmark tries to integrate this area which sparks PR and AUS to defeat Denmark

Back 38

Schleswig

Front 39

How does the first war with Denmark lead to the second war between PR and AUS?

Back 39

AUS protested move by Bis to give Germanic Confederation a popular chamber elected by UMS and BIS caused disputes over the administration of Schleswig by PR and Holstein by AUS

Front 40

Results of "7 Weeks' War" between AUS and PR

Back 40

-PR uses RR and a well-trained army to defeat AUS in short war
- Italy gets Venetia
- PR annexes Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Frankfurt, etc
-creation of a North German Confederation->under PR leadership (21 small N states, given a const with Wilhelm as king)

Front 41

This prince was asked to take the crown in Spain which sparked this thing which sparked the Franco-Prussian War

Back 41

Prince Leopold Hohenzollern; Em's Dispatch

"Waving the Red Rag before the Gallic Bull"

Front 42

NAP was captured at this battle which ended the 2nd empire

Back 42

Battle of Sedan

Front 43

The German Empire was proclaimed at this location and the empire later becomes known as the ______

Back 43

Hall of Mirrors (Versailles); 2nd Reich

Front 44

This Treaty began the 3rd republic of FR and FR ceded Alsace-Lorraine and 5 Billion gold francs

It had this long term effect

Back 44

Treaty of Frankfurt

Treaty of Versailles 1918 humiliated GER

Front 45

An assembly elected by UMS that ratified all budgets

Back 45

Reichstag

Front 46

Why was it surprising that the Austrian Empire lasted as long as it did? (2)

Back 46

1. Nationality Issues: Austrian Germans, Hungarian Magyars, Bohemian Czechs, Slavs

2. Militarily Weaker: sat out the crimean war, beaten by NAP III/Cavour, Beaten by Bismarck and PR

Front 47

Why was AUS weak?

Back 47

remained a largely Agrarian, politically Conservative and suppressive, Landlord dominated state (no vibrant middle class or industrialization)

Front 48

This Austrian ruler was more similar to an old absolute king than a progressive leader and disliked anything liberal, progressive, or modern

Back 48

Franz Joseph

Front 49

This Austrian man is often compared to Baron Haussmann of FR and implemented these reforms

Back 49

Alexander Bach

initiated free trade with GER, ended internal customs barriers, encouraged industrialization, built highways and RRs, reformed the courts, rebuilt VIENNA

Front 50

This nationalities issue was solved in Austria with this action

Back 50

1867 Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
-Magyars got own constitution, parli, official language, Autonomy
-Austria and Hungary kept joint finance, foreign affairs, and war ministry

NOT A LIBERAL SETTLEMENT
-Germans and Magyars were only 20% of population (slavs were masses and remained landless, ignorant peasant farmers)

Front 51

This man instituted changes in hospital/medical practices to minimize the spread of disease by microbes or germs

Back 51

Pasteur

Front 52

The Catholic Church and Pope Pius IX to address progress and modernization

Back 52

Syllabus of Errors

Front 53

This man proposed that the earth's geological structure had developed over an immense span of time and Darwin had read his work

Back 53

Charles Lyell

Front 54

laid down the mechanisms by which characteristics are passed from generation to generation

Back 54

Mendel

Front 55

French philosopher whose ideas formed the basis of a "positive science" of society and politics. It claimed that careful study of facts would generate accurate laws of society. This idea inspired ppl to believe that they could solve the problems of society.

Back 55

Auguste Comte

Posivitism

Front 56

This man espoused widespread reform and mass education to support the complete enfranchisement of women. Wanted a general social improvement in which superior people not be brought down or confined by the will of the masses

Back 56

John Stuart Mill

Front 57

Marx wrote two books...what were they called and what did they address?

Back 57

Communist Manifesto 1848- calls for a violent proletariat revolution (inevitable)

Das Kapital- Marx's proof of why capitalism wouldn't work

Front 58

Irony behind Marx and Engles

Back 58

both not proletariats
Marx- leftist, dad was lawyer
engles- dad was factory owner

Front 59

What qualifies a person as "bourgeois" or "proletariat"?

Back 59

b- control means of production
p- provides physical labor w/ two hands

Front 60

What would be the structure of the new communist utopia?

Back 60

"temporary dictatorship of proletariat" democracy

Front 61

This man believed in a theory called dialectical materialism (contradictions in nature are the roots of all motion and life, thesis and antithesis come together to form synthesis)

Back 61

George Hegel

Front 62

Leader of the international workingmen's association who argued that the existence of the state was the root of social injustice

Back 62

Mikhail Bakhunin

formed political theory of "anarchism"

Front 63

Capitalism never failed because...

Back 63

it is in the interest of capitalists to make concessions to workers (min wage, 8 hr workday, child labor laws)

Front 64

Marx called these people "appeasers"

Back 64

people who wanted to help workers to distract from revolution

Front 65

This man stated that all property is THEFT

Back 65

Proudhon

Front 66

This is the idea that workers can be helped through a violent upheaval that replaces current social structures

Back 66

revolutionary socialism

marxism: aka "social democratic party"

Bolsheviks (RUS)- Lenin

Front 67

the workers can be best helped by achieving gradual gains, working with current govt, not destroying it

Back 67

evolutionary socialism

Mensheviks (RUS)

Front 68

The Paris Commune after the Franco-Prussian war established (3)

Back 68

1. equality of all citizens
2. promotion of women's rights
3. communal workshops

Front 69

Who was the leader of the provisional govt of FR who sent in troops to restore order in Paris

Back 69

Adolph Theirs

Front 70

significance of Paris Commune (3)

Back 70

1. class warfare
2. helped raise support for marx
3. heroic event for european leftists

Front 71

3rd republic govt

Back 71

cabinet headed by Premier (had real power) in the 2 chamber Parli (senate and chamber of deputies)

ceremonial president

Front 72

A society in which workers own, manage, and control production.

Back 72

socialism

Front 73

history advances through class conflict. production was at the base of every social order.

Back 73

marxism

Front 74

radical, violent, and bloody revolution to change society

Back 74

communism

Front 75

New vs Old imperialism

Back 75

1. greater occupation of the interior
2. extraction of raw materials-gold, rubber, diamond
3. RR--> modernization
- infrastructure + capital

Front 76

Time period, initiator, and participators of new imperialism

Back 76

1870s-1890s
Belgium King Leopold II

BR, FR, GER, IT

Front 77

reasons for imperialism (10)

Back 77

1. realpolitik- military advantage, suez + panama canal, navy coaling stations
2. white man's burden/victorian alleviation of suffering
3. nationalism- pride & prestige (GER and IT)
4. Raw materials- rubber, etc
5. social darwinism
6. new markets for finished industrialized goods
7. religion- missionaries
8. scientific knowledge
9. source of labor
10. invest surplus capital

Front 78

Man who discovered rubber

Back 78

Henry Stanley

Front 79

This conference laid out rules for imperialism with this man ("honest broker") as the leader

Back 79

Berlin Conference of 1885

Bismarck

Front 80

This man started a business to import rough diamonds from AFR

Back 80

Cecil Rhodes

Front 81

This phrase symbolizes the idea of establishing a railroad along the n and s axis of africa

Back 81

"cairo to cape town"

Front 82

the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, and central and defining influence of the Indian Independence Movement.

Back 82

Indian National Congress

Front 83

Reasons for rising population (6)

Back 83

1. improvement in sanitation/clean water
2. lower infant mortality
3. longer life expectancy
4. fewer wars
5. less famine
6. improved diets

BUT FALLING BIRTHRATES

Front 84

Locations for migration 1871-1900

Back 84

1. country to city
2. US, South America, Canada, Australia, NZ

Germany had the most emigrants

Front 85

Reasons for falling birthrates (7)

Back 85

1. child labor laws (mines act, factory act)
2. compulsory education
3. contraception
4. feminism- reduce burden on women
5. more years spent in education
6. agricultural revolution- fewer hands needed
7. changing norms- urban activities not possible with a lot of kids

Front 86

These people advocated increased fertility for the "most fit" and sterilization/elimination of the "less fit" (mentally handicapped)

Back 86

Eugenicists

Front 87

During this event BR military commanded Indian infantry and so resentment of BR domination grew. Indian troops were told that their cartridges had been greased with pig and cow fat. Result was that BR ruled India directly.

Back 87

Sepoy Rebellion 1857

Front 88

During this event BR and FR troops collided in southern Egypt and FR was forced to back down

Back 88

Fashoda Crisis 1898

Front 89

Dutch farmers settled at the Cape of Good Hope. Gold was discovered in the territory and Rhodes sends Jameson Raid against the Boers to spark a war in order to seize territory (defeated by farmers). 300,000 English troops defeat 50,000 guerilla farmers

Back 89

Boer War

Front 90

This telegram was sent during the Boer war that angered the BR against the GER

Back 90

kruger telegram

Front 91

This man wrote this poem about imperialism

Back 91

Rudyard Kipling

White man's burden

Front 92

FR colonial possessions in Africa

Back 92

ALGERIA, west africa, madagascar

Front 93

Belgian possession in AFR

Back 93

Congo

Front 94

BR possession in AFR

Back 94

north and south band
Egypt, south africa, nigeria

Front 95

This man believed that physical features of head/body indicated criminal tendencies

Back 95

Lombroso

Front 96

IQ tests
ability to think + reason can be measured
later used as an imperialism justification

created by this man

Back 96

Binet

Front 97

This man performed an experiment on a dog and coined four terms

Back 97

Pavlov

unconditional stimulus- meat, inborn

unconditional response- saliva

conditional stimulus- a stimulus that will elicit a predictable response, bell

conditional response- saliva

Front 98

Three parts of our psyche as mentioned by freud

Back 98

ID- pleasure principle
EGO- conscious self-balance
SUPEREGO- moral "conscience" right vs wrong

Front 99

Bismarck's challenges in Germany (4)

Back 99

1. need to establish peace
2. kulturkampf
3. socialists
4. Wilhelm II

Front 100

This was a league created by Bismarck that included GER, A-H, and RUS

Back 100

Three emperor's league

Front 101

this term was used to describe the suppression of the catholic church and was Bismarck's biggest misstep

Back 101

Kulturkampf

Front 102

an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII.It supported the rights of labor to form unions, rejected communism and unrestricted capitalism, whilst affirming the right to private property.

Back 102

Rerum Novarum

Front 103

Bismarck provided these 2 socialist programs

Back 103

1. accident + disability programs and insurance
2. old age pensions

Front 104

two phrases used by wilhelm II who wanted to rule by himself

Back 104

"new course"- increase military, acquire colonies, heavy industrialization

"place in the sun"

Front 105

term used to describe the firing of bismarck

Back 105

"dropping the pilot"

Front 106

This alliance was created by bismarck between GER, A-H, and ITALY

Back 106

Triple Alliance

Front 107

This treaty was issued by Bismarck to reaffirm the GER and RUS alliance

Back 107

Reinsurance Treaty

Front 108

name of the RUS terrorist organization that assassinated Alexander II

Back 108

People's Will

Front 109

Why was the emancipation of the serfs not really freedom?

Back 109

former serfs had to pay a communal redemption fee to the lords and 1/2 of their land belonged to the "MIR"

MIR also owed a share of the redemption payment

Front 110

people who believed in nothing but science rejected traditional society/culture

Back 110

nihilists

Front 111

This affair refers to a man who was punished wrongly for treason and was finally saved by this man

Back 111

Dreyfus affair

Emile Zola- published denunciation of the army cover-up in a daily newspaper

Front 112

The Dreyfus affair led this man to create a new movement to search out a homeland for the Jews

This declaration was made by the BR govt in support of such a movement

Back 112

Herzl

Zionism

Balfour Note

Front 113

These people advocated the use of direct action, such as general strikes and sabotage, to bring industry and govt under the control of labor unions

this FR man wrote a book about it

Back 113

Syndicalists

Sorel

Front 114

This man criticized many Marxist tenets and proposed that socialism be achieved by evolutionary rather than revolutionary means

Back 114

Eduard Bernstein