Ettinger Small Intestine 2

Front 1

All helmiths are found in the SI, except this one which is found in the LI

Back 1

Trichuris

Front 2

How is T.canis transmitted from mom

Back 2

placenta
milk

Front 3

How is T.cati transmitted from mom

Back 3

milk

Front 4

Where do T.canis and T.cati migrate in the 4-legged body

Back 4

hepatic
pulmonary
+/- ocular

Front 5

TX repeated for T.cati/T.canis

Back 5

Should be repeated in 2-3 weeks.

Front 6

How should pregnant ******* be TX for T. cati/T.canis?

Back 6

Fenbendazole daily from day 40 to 2 d post whelp
Two doses of moxidectin

Front 7

How are hookworms acquired?

Back 7

prenatally
lactation
through skin

Front 8

This type of hookworm is MC in dogs and can cause blood loss and hemorrhagic enteritis

Back 8

Ancyclostoma canium

Front 9

This hookworm is most common in Southern USA

Back 9

Ancylostoma brazilense

Front 10

This hookworm is MC in cats but is still rare?

Back 10

Ancylostoma tubaeforme

Front 11

Back 11

T. canis

Front 12

Back 12

T. cati

Front 13

Back 13

T. cati

Front 14

Back 14

T. leonina

Front 15

Back 15

toxocaris leonina

Front 16

This hookworm causes pedal puritis

Back 16

U. stenocephalia

Front 17

This type of tapeworm is MC

Back 17

Dipylidium canium

Front 18

What is the intermediate host of Dipylidium canium?

Back 18

fleas

Front 19

TX for tapeworms?

Back 19

Adequate flea control
Praziquantel

Front 20

This parasite rarely causes C/S but can with concurrent infections.
They are also self limiting infections.

Back 20

Isospora

Front 21

TX for Isospora

Back 21

Sulfadimethoxime or TMS

Front 22

Back 22

isospora canis

Front 23

Back 23

Cryptosporidium

Front 24

This organism is an obligate intracellular self limiting diarrhea in dogs/cats

Back 24

Cryptosporidium

Front 25

How is Cryptosporidium diagnosed?

Back 25

very very small
fecal float with oil immersion
modified acid fast stain

Front 26

How is Cryptosporidium treated?

Back 26

No RX are consistently efficacious
Disease is self limiting

Front 27

Where in the GI tract dose giardia live?

Back 27

SI

Front 28

How is giardia infection transmitted?

Back 28

fecal-oral

Front 29

These genotypes of Giardia infect dogs and cats and this humans

Back 29

Dogs C &D
Cats F
Humans A&B

Front 30

How long after infection are oocysts passed?

Back 30

1-2 weeks
intermittently

Front 31

Elisa for giardia has this sensitivity and specificity

Back 31

SN 90%
SP 99%

Front 32

Combining 3 fecals gives a 95% sensitivity for this cause of diarrhea

Back 32

SN

Front 33

TX for Giardia

Back 33

Metronidazole x5 days
with Fenbendazole x3-5d

Front 34

What is the generic game plan for chronic ideopathic enteropathies

Back 34

antiparasites
dietary management
antibiotics
immunosuppression

Front 35

What antiparasitics is used for chronic ideopathic enteropathies?

Back 35

fenbendazole

Front 36

What dietary management is used for chronic ideopathic enteropathies?

Back 36

antigen limited
inclusion of psyilium or ispaghula promotes colonic health

Front 37

What antibitocs whould be used for chronic ideopathic enteropathies?

Back 37

tylosin
metronidazole
or
oxytetracycline

Front 38

When is it appropriate for immunosuppression TX with chronic ideopathic enteropathies?

Back 38

when no underlying cause is found

Front 39

What type of hypersensitivities are food allergies (3)

Back 39

Type I - IgE
Type II -immune complexes
Type IV - delayed hypersensitivty

Front 40

What is the proposed hypothesis for food allergy/hypersensitivity?

Back 40

Breakdown of the mucoasal barrier or immune system dysregulation

Front 41

What clinical signs would one expect with food hypersensitivities?

Back 41

skin
GI issues

Front 42

How is is food allergy diagnosed?

Back 42

dietary manipulation but dose not DDX food intollerance vs. food allergy

Front 43

What is food intollerance?

Back 43

food posioning or pharmacolgical intollerance

Front 44

What breed has documented Gluten Sensitivitie Enteropathy?

Back 44

Irish Setters - heritary
Not documented in cats

Front 45

What occurs at the mucosa with gluten sensitivities?

Back 45

Directly toxic to the interstinal mucosa or induces an adverse immune reaction

Front 46

C/S of gluten sensitivity (in Irish Setters)

Back 46

poor weight gain
chronic intermittent diarrhea
all after weaning

Front 47

TX: for Gluten Sensitivity?

Back 47

resolution when fed a gluten free diet

Front 48

What occurs with SI bacterial overgrowth/AB resoponsive diarrhea?

Back 48

Overgrowth of bacteria occurs secondary to disorders that control bacteria #

Front 49

Dose bacterial overgrowth/AB responsive diarrhea occur in cats?

Back 49

No

Front 50

What is the hypothesis for why dogs get bacterial overgrowth/AB responsive diarrhea?

Back 50

defect in mucosal barrier
imporopre mucosal immune response
change in bacteria
Probably a combo of the above

Front 51

What is the signalment for bacterial overgrowth?

Back 51

MC in young GSD

Front 52

Clinical signs for dogs with ideopathic bacterial overgrowth/AB responsive diarrhea?

Back 52

chronic intermittent diarrhea
weight loss
xs gas
borborygmi

Front 53

What other diseases should be R/O before TX for ideopathic bacterial overgrowth (3)

Back 53

systemic disease
EPI
parasites

Front 54

What used to be the gold standard for diagnosing AB responsive diarrhea?

Back 54

quantative aerobic/anerobic culture of duodenal juic, but cut off point is disputed

Front 55

In theory this disease would have ___ folate and __ cobalimin.

Back 55

increase folate
decreased cobalamin
SIBO

Front 56

Bacteria synthesize this ___ and bind ____

Back 56

folate
cobalamin

Front 57

Best way to diagnose AB responsive diarrhea:

Back 57

+ clinical response to Ab
Relapse when AB are withdrawn
Remission when re-introduction of Abs
elimination of other causes

Front 58

What AB & dietary TX should be used for acute responsive diarrhea

Back 58

oxytetracycline
metronidazole
tylosin
dietary manipulation - digestive low fat and supplement cobalamin

Front 59

This is a disorder of the SI that has chronic GI signs and histological evidenc of intestinal inflammation

Back 59

inflammatory bowel disease

Front 60

Etiology of IBD

Back 60

unknown

Front 61

This is the most common IBD (cell type)

Back 61

lymphcytic-plasmacytic enteritits

Front 62

For IBD in cats, what is the MC clinical sign - V or D?

Back 62

vomiting

Front 63

C/S for IBD in dogs is:

Back 63

vomiting & diarrhea

Front 64

Signalment for IBD

Back 64

middle aged - generally
intermittent signs at an early age

Front 65

This form of IBD generally has blood or more severe disease

Back 65

eosinophillic gastroenteritis

Front 66

Etiology of IBD?

Back 66

breakdown and intollerance to luminal antigens

Front 67

How is IBD diagnosed?

Back 67

biopsy

Front 68

Ideopathic IBD diagnosed?

Back 68

diagnosis of inflammation with out obvious underlying cause

Front 69

What things should be ruled out for diagnosis of IBD?

Back 69

infectious
diet responsive
AB responsive

Front 70

What diagnostics should be performed to R/O other causes or DDX to IBD

Back 70

bloodwork
fecal/giardia
folate/cobalamin
immaging - rads & U/S
Biopsy - endoscopically or laparotomy

Front 71

If there is a problem with the folate, then the problem is located...

Back 71

proximal SI

Front 72

What is the gold starndard diagnosis for IBD?

Back 72

histopathology

Front 73

TX of IBD?

Back 73

dietary modification
AB
immunosuppression

Front 74

For mild IBD, what TX is appropriate?

Back 74

dietary change
metrondizale

Front 75

For cats wtih IBD, what TX works really well?

Back 75

dietary change and metronidazole

Front 76

What type of immunosuppression is appropriate for IBD?

Back 76

prednisone
budesonide
azithroprine
chlorambucil
cyclosporin

Front 77

How dose budesonide work?

Back 77

it is locally active steriod. 90% is removed during the first pass in the liver

Front 78

When TX IBD, if the C/S reoccur as the steriod dosage is reduced, what drug can be added on?

Back 78

K9: azithroprim
Fe: chlorambucil

Front 79

What is the prognosis for K9 IBD with severe disease?

Back 79

poor

Front 80

What is the prognosis for feline IBD?

Back 80

remission can be prolonged

Front 81

What should be done if TX for IBD continues to fail?

Back 81

ensure not a change of chronic infection to LSA

Front 82

Besides, ideopathic, what are other causes of lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis

Back 82

bacterial
toxoplasmosis

Front 83

What breeds of dogs/cats are more prone for lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritits?

Back 83

GSD
Shar-Peis
pure bred cats

Front 84

What age of animals tend to get lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis

Back 84

tend to be older
> 2 years

Front 85

WHat C/S are associated with lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis? K9? Fe?

Back 85

chronic diarrhea
weight loss
Vomiting - cats

Front 86

What is Basenji Enteropathy?

Back 86

severe heridatary form of lymphoplasmacytic enteritis

Front 87

What are the clinical signs of Basenji Enteropathy?

Back 87

Diarrhea
emaciation
+/- spontaneous perforation
PLE w/ hypoalbumin

Front 88

How is Basenji enteropathy diagnosed?

Back 88

biopsy

Front 89

TX for Basenji enteropathy?

Back 89

unsucssessful and die within months of diagnosis

Front 90

This syndrome is unique to Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers

Back 90

Familial PLE/PLN or both

Front 91

TX/prognosis for Familial for wheaten PLE/PLN

Back 91

TX same for IBD
but poorer prognosis