Ettinger Liver Tx General Principles

Front 1

What is the best documented and generally used TX for chronic K9 hepatitis?

Back 1

steriods

Front 2

what % of cases of acute hepatitis becomes chronic?

Back 2

20-30%

Front 3

What is the TX for acute hepatitis cases?

Back 3

Majoriety spontaneously recover or with symptomatic support (fluids/antiemetics)

Front 4

What is the most common cause of hepatitis in humans, mice, squirles and probabl dogs?

Back 4

Majoriety are caused by viral infections

Front 5

What are the 4 actions of Urosdeoxychoilic acid?

Back 5

1. increases bile flow
2.prevents cells from undergoing apoptosis
3. reduction of the immune response
4. Helps stimulate production of antioxidents inside the hepatocytes

Front 6

Actigall/Ursochol aka

Back 6

ursodeoxycholic acid

Front 7

When is actigall contraindicated?

Back 7

extrahepatic bile duct obsruction

Front 8

Besides glucocorticoids, what other RX is good for ideopathic chronic hepatitis?

Back 8

actigall

Front 9

What diseases cause dammage directly from oxidative stress?

Back 9

copper
Amanita (mushroom)
acetaminophen

Front 10

What diseases respond to antioxident therapy?

Back 10

Amanita and aceaminophen induced damage.

Cu storage disease - no effect - except in hemolytic crisis

Front 11

What are the main antioxidents availible in vet med?

Back 11

VitC
VitE
silymarin
S-adenosyl_L-methionine

Front 12

How dose Vit E work?

Back 12

protects against different routes of membrane oxidation

Hard to measure if deficient in liver disease and no side effects if overdosed

Front 13

What antioxident is a natureal metabolite of hepatocytes?

Back 13

S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine

Front 14

How dose SAMe work?

Back 14

precursor for cysteine which forms one of the main precursors for defense mechanishm of the cell against intoxications.

Front 15

What is the active component extracted from milk thistle?

Back 15

silymarin

Front 16

What dose silymarin do?

Back 16

strong free radical scavenger

Front 17

What breeds are thought to have chronic hepatits from copper storage disease?

Back 17

Bedlington Terriers
Skye terriers
Dalmations
Westies
Turkish Shephards
Labs

Front 18

What are the 3 forms of anticopper medication?

Back 18

1. chelating drugs
2. zinc
3. antioxidents

Front 19

What are chelating Rxs and how do they work?

Back 19

actively bind free extracellular copper. Intracellular copper exchanges freely with extracellular so that with constast exhaustion of extra will remove the toxic intracellular.
- E-penicillamine
- 222 tetramine tetrahydrochloride

Front 20

How dose zinc help with copper toxicosis

Back 20

Helps to prevent free copper accumulation in the liver.

Front 21

What type of diet should be fed for hepatic encephalopathy?

Back 21

reduced protein content

Front 22

What should be considered if detioration of hepatic encephalopathy occurs?

Back 22

Make sure not GI bleeding due to blood being very ammoniagenic protein

Front 23

In general, what occurs with feline hepatic lipidosis?

Back 23

pathogenesis is not exactly known - decreased insulin-glucagon ration causes lipase to release FA and the liver is the main place for metabolism.

Front 24

Acute hepatitis in dogs is rarely caused by

Back 24

bacteria

Front 25

How long can it take dogs to recover from acute hepatitis?

Back 25

3 weeks

Front 26

TX for Phalloidin ingesion?

Back 26

silymarin for 3-5 days
Many dogs die within 1 week due to liver/kidney failure
Same for acetaminophen intoxication.

Front 27

How common are liver abscesses? TX?

Back 27

rare
SX removal - most common Staph and Clostridium
AB for 6-8 weeks

Front 28

What type of inflammatory cells are seen with chronic ideopathic hepatits - K9

Back 28

lymphocytes
plasmacells

Front 29

TX for chronic ideopathic hepatitis?

Back 29

Prednisone given to hlep with inflammation.
TX for at least 6 weeks minimun and up to 12 weeks
- still undergoing debate

Front 30

What is doberman hepatitis?

Back 30

-Females 5-7 years old
-possibly Cu related?
- All have poor prognosis - however, TX with chelation resulted in resolution of disease

Front 31

What is lobular hepatitis?

Back 31

-yound dogsvery severe form of hepatitis and lethal within 2-4 weeks
- pronounced fibrosis
-

Front 32

What is the term is used for a hepatitis secondary to sulfonamides?

Back 32

destructive cholangitis in dogs

Front 33

What occurs with destructive cholangitis in dogs?

Back 33

- severe necrosis of intrahepatic bile ductules
- severe intrahepatic cholestasis

Front 34

TX for destructive cholangitis in dogs?

Back 34

actigal adn lifelong

Front 35

AKA suppurative or acute cholangitis in cats

Back 35

neutrophilic cholangitis
- neutrophillic inflammation of the billary tract

Front 36

What has been cultured in neutorphillic cholangitis in cats?

Back 36

E. coli
staph

Front 37

TX for cholangitis in cats?

Back 37

-Responds quickly to AB: Clavamox, amoxicillin or ampicillin.
-TX for 4 weeks
in uncomplicated cases
- Bile duct obstruction - SX

Front 38

What is lymphocytic cholangitis (cholangioheapitis) in cats?

Back 38

chronic disease of the bile ducts, both intrahepatic and extrahepatic with inflammation

Front 39

What causes lymphocytic cholangitis?

Back 39

Unknown
possibly liver fluke?

Front 40

TX for lymphocytic cholangitis

Back 40

Glucocorticoids don't work
actigal has some effect
ABs
TX for potential flukes