Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How long must liver issues be occuring to be sonsidered chronic hepatitis (CH)?
|
>4-6 months
|
|
|
What type of inflammatory cells are seen and disease process?
|
primarily lymphoplasmacytic which typically progresses to fibrosis and chirosis
|
|
|
What are some different causes of CH (4)
|
copper
drug familial tendencies infectious agents |
|
|
There are 11 breeds that have increased frequency.
Age is generally 4-7 years of age. |
Dobie
Bedlington Scottie Westie Skye GSD Springer Spaniel Cocker Beagle Dalmation Stand. Poodles |
|
|
How do Bedlington Terrier acquire Cu toxicity?
|
They cannot excrete Cu into the billary tract which causes formation of reactive oxygen radicles which produces CH and cirosis.
|
|
|
If normal copper levels are approximately < 400 ug Cu/mg hepatic tissue. What is considered hepatic disease seconday to Cu toxicity?
|
>2000 ppm
|
|
|
What dose iron accumulation do to the liver?
|
Seems to occur secondary to inflammation. It accumulates and aggervates pre-existing conditions.
|
|
|
What are C/S of cirosis?
|
lethargic/depressed/weak
anorexic vomiting weak weight loss PU/PD +/- ascities MC- DIARRHEA |
|
|
What syndrome is NOT associated with CH?
|
hepatocutaneous syndrome
|
|
|
What labratory changes should occur with CH?
|
ALT 5-18X
ALKP mild acute CH - many with increased PT/PTT |
|
|
If suspecting CH and liver enzymes are normal. What other biological values should be examined?
|
decrease globulin
decrease albumin decrease BUN increase bile acids decrease glucose - rare |
|
|
On PE what should you find for CH?
|
poor BCS
ascities and icterus - uncommon |
|
|
How is CH diagnosed?
|
liver biopsy
|
|
|
TX for CH?
|
1. remove underlying cause (Cu, RX etc).
2. steriods to decrease inflammation 3. antioxidents (vitE, SAMe) |
|
|
If a dog has advanced liver dz, what TX tends not to help them?
|
steriods
|
|
|
When TX for CH, how do you know if steriods are helping?
|
ALT should decrease, but mild increase in ALP.
|
|
|
If steriods are not working for CH, what other drugs can be tried?
|
azithroprim or cyclosporin
|
|
|
How is CH secondary to Cu TX?
|
TX - penicillamine. It can cause vomiting so give with food.
- diets low in Cu (using alone has inconsistent success) |
|
|
What is an improtant long term goat with CH despite the cause?
|
preventing fibrosis
|
|
|
What medications appear to delay fibrosis (5)
|
prednisone
azithropine penicillamine zinc vit E |
|
|
This RX has limited expierence, but may be used with severe fibrosis
|
colchicine
increases collagenase acitivity |
|
|
In beddlington terriers, how do they acquire Cu toxicity?
|
autosomal recessive defect in billary Cu excretion
|
|
|
What lab values are abnormal with Bedlington Terriers with Cu issues and why?
|
Increase in ALT secondary to inflammation and young dogs may not have due to mild inflammation.
|
|
|
How is xs. Cu diagnosed?
|
serum/plasma levels are not useful
HISTOPATH |
|
|
In Bedlington Terriers what occurs over time with Cu levels?
|
Increase until 6 yrs of age, then tend to decrease
|
|
|
How can breeders screen for Cu issues in Bedlington Terriers?
|
Screen asymptomatic dogs with liver biopsy at 6 m and 15 months
|
|
|
How should asymptomatic Bedlington terrier dogs be handled?
|
- put on low Cu diet and add in oral zinc
- chelator therapy can be used and penicillamine TX has apparently prevent dz progression in some dogs. - some dogs may have normal life if TX starts when they are young. |
|
|
What liver disease affects Dobies?
|
Altered Cu excretion into bile
middle aged F |
|
|
What is the progression of Dobies with CH?
|
- Many patients presnet with C/S of CH and diet with in weeks
- Diagnosis of asymptomatic dogs respond better to TX |
|
|
What is a good screening for Dobies?
|
Female
increase ALT consider TX |
|
|
What other breed of dogs have reports of Cu accumulation?
|
westies
sky terriers labs dalmations |
|
|
What is the signalment for cockers with liver disease?
|
Males
early onset that quickly becomes cirhotic Cu accumulation is inconsistent |
|
|
Prognosis of Cocker spaniels with CH?
|
disease is very progressed by the time of diagnosis - grave prognosis
|
|
|
What is lobular dissecting hepatitis?
|
- MC in neonatoal and juvenile dogs
- inflamm cells diffusely throughout - increased liver enzymes and ascities - breed related - standard poodles? |
|
|
What RX are known to cause RX assciated hepatitis (5)
|
TMS
Phenobarbital filaribits Amiodarone (antiarrhythmic) carprofen Usually mild changes |
|
|
What bacteria infection is a possible cause of CH?
|
Leptospirosis
Increase in ALP nd hyperbilirubenemia |
|
|
What is an uncommon heptatitis caused by infiltration of macrophages?
|
granulomatous
Uncommon caused by numerous bacteria, fungi, adn parasites |
