Ethics Test 2

Front 1

Kant's decontology claim

Back 1

Only thing that is good w/o limitation or qualification is a good will.

Front 2

Explain the decontology claim

Back 2

Any good talents, qualities of temperament, gifts of fortune are desirable purposes but can be evil if will is not for the good.

Front 3

example of talent

Back 3

judgement

Front 4

example of qualities of temperament

Back 4

courage

Front 5

example of gifts of fortune

Back 5

power
happiness

Front 6

What is a good will?

Back 6

Something that is performed for the good in itself, even if outcome doesn't turn out to be the way it was originally desired.

Front 7

What does Kant say about purpose?

Back 7

Purpose is to influence the will. And it is necessary to produce a good will itself.

Front 8

What does kant say about self-preservation, welfare, and happiness?

Back 8

Humans are based on reason. If welfare and happiness is for the result then nature is bad.

Front 9

Define duty of Kantian

Back 9

won't do it due to how will look or will benefit self, does it b/c from duty

Front 10

from duty?

Back 10

respect to law

Front 11

example of duty (Jones)

Back 11

Shopkeeper Jones doesn't wanna cheat customers b/c bad for business thus, sensible reasons.

Front 12

Jones is what kind of duty?

Back 12

Conformity with duty

Front 13

example of duty (Smith)

Back 13

He knows morality and doesn't due to the fact his principles are based on morals and honesty.

Front 14

Smith is what kind of duty?

Back 14

Acts in conformity and also from duty

Front 15

3 propositions of morality

Back 15

1. actions from duty have moral worth
2. An action from duty has moral worth not for purpose but for maxim in which it is decided upon.
3. duty necessary to show respect for law.

Front 16

define maxim

Back 16

subjuctive principle of decision; which underlines your actoin in a particular case.

Front 17

maxim has the form

Back 17

do x in order to y

Front 18

what does "x" mean

Back 18

what u take yourself to be doing (means act-description)

Front 19

what does "y" mean

Back 19

means an end (goal, a purpose)

Front 20

Good Will

Back 20

Acts from respect to law not effects

Front 21

What sort of law makes no reference to effects?

Back 21

Only a law that requires conformity to universal law.

Front 22

Example of the reference effects

Back 22

I ought to NEVER act in a way where my decision will become a universal law.

Front 23

Right Question

Back 23

can my law be in anyone else's principle??

Front 24

Wrong Question (1)

Back 24

Should everyone do what i do?

Front 25

Wrong question (2)

Back 25

Do i want everyone to act this way or this law in their repertoire?

Front 26

What is the golden rule?

Back 26

Treat people the way you want to be treated

Front 27

Kant's side of the golden rule

Back 27

Desire doesn't play role in golden rule, thus opposing it.

Front 28

what are imperatives?

Back 28

ought statements

Front 29

2 types of imperatives

Back 29

hypothetical
categorical

Front 30

Hypothetical imperative

Back 30

the necessity of a possible action as to achieve something that one desires.

Front 31

categorical imperative

Back 31

represents an action as necessary in itself w/o reference to another end.

Front 32

example of hypothetical why?

Back 32

if you want to go to the hill u ought to cross broadway. command is conditional

Front 33

if the action is represented as a means to something else then

Back 33

hypothetical

Front 34

if the action is represented as good in itself then

Back 34

categorical

Front 35

necessity of hypothetical

Back 35

knowing the condition

Front 36

necessity of conformity

Back 36

no limiting condition except conformity w/ law itself

Front 37

Formula of Universal Law

Back 37

Act only in accordance with the rule which you can

Front 38

Formula of Humanity

Back 38

always treat humanity as always at the same time as an end never merely as means

Front 39

formula of autonomy

Back 39

every rational being as a universal law (the bridge)

Front 40

formula of the kingdom of ends

Back 40

rational beings are at once the makers and subjects of all laws.

Front 41

2 ways for formula of universal law to fail!

Back 41

-contradiction in conception
-contradiction in will

Front 42

contradiction in conception

Back 42

if everyone performed a certain action then it would impossible to make a law to make action illegal.

Front 43

example of contradiction in conception

Back 43

if everyone made false promising to get $$ then can't make it a law

Front 44

contradiction in will

Back 44

where the will of a person contradicts what the universalization of the rule implies

Front 45

contradiction in conception is what kind of duty?

Back 45

perfect duty

Front 46

contradition in will is what kind of duty?

Back 46

imperfect duty

Front 47

Perfect Duties

Back 47

no disgression about fulfilling

Front 48

example of perfect duty

Back 48

no lying period

Front 49

imperfect duties

Back 49

do it cuz of duty no wantings

Front 50

example of imperfect duties

Back 50

fulfilled in countless ways

Front 51

perfect duty to oneself

Back 51

duty against suicide

Front 52

perfect duty to others

Back 52

duty against false promising

Front 53

imperfect duty oneself

Back 53

duty to develop one's talents

Front 54

imperfect duty to others

Back 54

duty of being good

Front 55

Universal Law includes:

Back 55

contradiction in conception
contradiction in will
imperfect duty
perfect duty

Front 56

example of formula of humanity

Back 56

utilize people for jobs not as a "tool"

Front 57

example of formula of autonomy

Back 57

bridges humanity and kingdom of ends

Front 58

Objections to Kantian Ethics

Back 58

Doomsday
Murderer at the door
timing maxims
animal rights
impossibility of adopting motives

Front 59

doomsday

Back 59

world is about to end and only way u can survive is by tellin a false promise
Morally permissible to lie but obligatory to do so
MODIFY OR REJECT IT

Front 60

the murderer at the door

Back 60

man w/ axe asks if john is in your house and wants to kill him. John IS in the house. "no" = lying impermissible to lie
MODIFY OR REJECT IT

Front 61

the murderer at the door (2)

Back 61

if "yes" will to lead to ends. SO OK to lie

Front 62

Doomsday + The murdere at the door

Back 62

Rule-Worship Objection

Front 63

Timing Maxims

Back 63

Planning things around others
Morally permissible
Kant's theory might rule them out
Ends can be MET

Front 64

Animal rights

Back 64

only rational beings have intrinsic worth

Front 65

If merely obligated

Back 65

can be motivated

Front 66

it can't be motivated

Back 66

can't be obligated

Front 67

kant =

Back 67

moral rationalists

Front 68

non rational beings vs humans

Back 68

both wrong

Front 69

kant non rational being

Back 69

no wrong

Front 70

switch problem

Back 70

kill person in rail = yes permissible (morally)
kill fat person = no obligatory/perimissible=wrong not use person as tools

Front 71

maxum of benevolence

Back 71

never give aid to anyone (fails)

Front 72

holy will

Back 72

law of nature
governed by duty

Front 73

example of law of nature

Back 73

our will should be governed by duty as our holy will is governed by duty

Front 74

Hume

Back 74

reason can't tell preferences , preferences what ought to follow

Front 75

Plaido

Back 75

ring of gyes (turn person wearin = invisible)

Front 76

opinion on spying?

Back 76

spying is wrong!!! (contradiction and conception based)

Front 77

irrational to be bad?

Back 77

kant believes so!

Front 78

Moral rationalism

Back 78

is there a reason to do it?

Front 79

Motivational judgement internalism

Back 79

if judging something to be morally obligation have some motivation to do it

Front 80

motivational existance internalism

Back 80

if have reason to do somethin motivation to do it

Front 81

Kants belief on motives

Back 81

not everything