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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 parts of soul according to Plato
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appetites/impulses, spirited "thumos", thought/reason "logos"
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Constitutional Paradigm
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Constitution
Mission Service Ship Shipmate Self |
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4 principles of constitution
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1. paradigm
2. ifyou face a conflict, you must seek resolution before you act 3. resignation 4.conscientious disobedience |
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Individual Relativism/Subjectivism
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view that there is no universal moral standard and morality is subjective, each person's moral opinions are as good as everyone else
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Cultural Relativism
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dependent on majority of people in country
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Absolutism (aka. Objectivism)
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there is one criterion of morality that is valid for all people at all times
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Pluralism
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Ethical questions may have more than one right answer
OR all answers fall within a similar range |
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Divine Command Theory
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action is right if and only if it is commanded by God
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Euthyphro Dilema
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Is a thing commanded by God because it is right, or is it right because God commands it?
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Theory of Natural Law
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An action is right if it accords with right reason
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Aristotle said that the highest good is human
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flourishing / eudaimonia
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eudaimonia
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human flourising
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logos
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reason/rationality
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arete
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excellence/virtue
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telos
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completion, wholeness as humans we tend towards
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Aristotle's moral virtures
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excellences manifested when our desires and appetites are ruled by reason
e.g. courage, generosity, modesty |
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Aristotle's intellectual virtues
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excellences of the rational part of the woul
e.g. theoretical wisodm (sophia) and practical wisdom (phronesis) |
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Aristotle: Habit
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Moral virtue is cultivated initially by habituation
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Aristotle's Mean
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middle ground between two vices
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Aristotle's ethos
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character, or habitual way of life
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character is composed of what according to aristotle
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moral excellences, intellectual excellence, practical wisdom, and theoretical wisdom
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act utilitarianism
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bentha, what moves a man to action is always a desire to secure his own pleasure and avoid his own pain
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Principle of utility
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actions are to be good or bad according to the parties concerned in the actions
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rule utilitarianism
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action is right in accordance with a valid time tested rule unless there is a clash of duties, where the same action is required by one rule and forbidden by another
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mill's method
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reliable adherence to some more or less fixed set of rules is a great utility...point system
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