Ethics Midterm

Front 1

What are the four ideas of utilitarianism?

Back 1

consequentialism (look at the consequences), hedonism (measure the pleasure in those consequences), maximalism (find the maximum pleasure in those consequences), universalism (consider everybody)

Front 2

Two types of utilitarianism

Back 2

act and rule

Front 3

Looking to an outside source for ethics

Back 3

ethical fundamentalism

Front 4

Judging each situation independently

Back 4

ethical relativism

Front 5

Making decisions based on the consequences that would result

Back 5

consequentialist moral reasoning

Front 6

Making decisions based on moral requirements

Back 6

categorical moral reasoning

Front 7

Problems with utilitarianism

Back 7

1. can't measure utils well, 2. can be used to suppress minority to benefit majority, 3. big "if," 4. doesn't consider rights, fairness or justice

Front 8

Idea that there is right and wrong, consequences have nothing to do with right or wrong, “do the right thing,” judge not by consequences but by motives

Back 8

deontology

Front 9

Who was the big thinker for deontology?

Back 9

Immaneul Kant

Front 10

What are two properties of deontology?

Back 10

1.consistency- do it always
2.reversibility- goes both ways, not one-way deal, applies to everyone

Front 11

What are seven principles of deontology?

Back 11

1. fidelity- keep your promises, tell the truth
2. reparations- compensate people for injuries you have wrongly inflicted
3. gratitude- return favors to others
4. justice- to ensure goods are fairly distributed according to merit, if you deserve it you get it
5. beneficence- do whatever you can to help everyone
6. self-improvement- always trying to make yourself better and more intelligent
7. non-maleficence- avoid injuring others

jogging back south is like running fast and going nowhere

Front 12

List problems with deontology

Back 12

1. elements can conflict, 2. is list finite? can't agree on one list, 3. doesn't rank list

Front 13

What is distributive justice?

Back 13

Ethics theory about fairness, not a level playing field so must try to make it such, most disadvantaged should be helped

Front 14

hard for us to think of right thing so consider if you don't know what position you are in, what decision would you make then?

Back 14

veil of ignorance

Front 15

What are problems with distributive justice?

Back 15

hard to forget who you are (veil of ignorance)

Front 16

Under distributive justice, what are the four questions to ethical decision making

Back 16

1.are the consequences of the action or policy good or bad?
2.Does it honor the right of those affected by the decision (including minority)?
3.Does the decision fulfill our duties?
4.Are the results of the decision fair and just to those concerned?

Front 17

Name two benefits of corporations

Back 17

1. limited liability, 2. allow others to own part of it

Front 18

Name two downsides to corporation

Back 18

1. double taxation, 2. can't write off meals and such

Front 19

Define corporate social responsibility

Back 19

-”using the power of business to create a better world.”

Front 20

Who are the two people with opposing views on CSR?

Back 20

Milton Friedman, Kenneth Dayton

Front 21

What are the four responsibilities of a corporation?

Back 21

1. economic- must be profitable or go out of business
2.legal- nobody says corporations are above the law or contract law
3.ethical- open to debate, what should a corporation do?
4.Philanthropic- contribute to community

Front 22

Name five major stakeholders of a corporation.

Back 22

1.employees
2.shareholders
3.customers
4.community
(also: unions, media, organizations)
5.government

Front 23

Name up to 6 reasons for CSR

Back 23

-long-run interest of profit
-avoid government regulation
-use power for good
-businesses have resources society needs
-businesses have contributed to problems, duty to help fix
-doing something is better than nothing

Front 24

Name up to 8 reasons against CSR

Back 24

-difficult to define the concept
-what problems should be priority?
-never going to be enough anyway
-lack of accountability
-don't want corporations playing another role and getting more powerful
-it's not their role, not the best at community stuff and CSR, don't know what third graders should do
-other nations don't care, so makes us less competitive
-corporations already do a lot by giving people jobs

Front 25

teleological philosophies focus on the ______ while deontological philosophies focus on the ______

Back 25

ends, means

Front 26

Deontologists believe that individuals have which 5 absolute rights

Back 26

due process, and freedom of: conscience, consent, privacy, speech