Ethics-Midterm 1

Front 1

Define Ethics

Back 1

Ethics is the philosophy of what is really right or wrong. It is more of a universal right or wrong, as opposed to right or wrong dictated by culture, customs, religions or social rules.

Front 2

Why isn't morality the same as law ?

Back 2

What is legal isn't always moral and visa-versa.

Front 3

Why isn't morality the same as religion ?

Back 3

What is moral according to the religions guidelines and teachings may not always be moral to other people and other religions

Front 4

What is a moral argument ?

Back 4

A moral argument consists of premises, the first being a moral standard that together with the other premises leads to and strongly supports a conclusion that has a moral judgement.

Front 5

Define Utilitarianism

Back 5

Utilitarianism is based on the Principle of Utility which is defined as maximizing benefit and minimizing harm for the greatest number concerned.

Front 6

Whtat are the 6 points of Utilitarianism ?

Back 6

1. Consider the aggregate or net benefit of at least 2 options.
2. Who is affected ?
3. Anything in principle can be moral (refer to POU)
4. Keep long term benefits/harms in mind
5. Nothing is certain
6. Remember yourself

Front 7

Kant's 1st Categorical Imperative

Back 7

We should always act in such a way that we can will the maxim of our action to become univeral law.

Front 8

Kant's 2nd Categorical Imperative`

Back 8

Never treat another person solely or merely as a means to an end, but only as an end in themselves.

Front 9

What are Des Jardins two views of the workplace ?

Back 9

Instrumental & Professional View

Front 10

What is Des Jardins Instrumental View ?

Back 10

Individuals are simply a means to an end. Their role is primarily defined by money, not by the worker. Workers are interchangable.

Front 11

What is Des Jardins Professional View ?

Back 11

The positions that individuals occupy are valuable in themselves and not just as a means to some other end. Fulfilling and worthwhile work.

Front 12

What are the four features of Capitalism ?

Back 12

Companies, Profit, Competition and Private Property

Front 13

Define Companies (in regards to capitalism)

Back 13

Companies are like a person...even though they may be made up of many.

Front 14

Define Profit (in regards to Capitalism)

Back 14

Profit is based on the fact that human beings are basically economic creatures who recognize and are motivated by their own economic self-interest.

Front 15

Define Competition (in regards to Capitalism)

Back 15

Competition regulates the prfits via a doctrine of laissez faire which means doing nothing and allowing the people to do as they choose.

Front 16

Define Private Property (in regards to Capitalism)

Back 16

Private property is not just physical objects, it also applies to intellectual objects, like ideas and patents and stocks.

Front 17

Define the two moral justifications for Capitalism

Back 17

Natural right to property (he who works the land should be entitled to it/fruits of their labor.

Adam Smith's concept of the Invisible Hand. Free and unrestrained market system is more efficient and more productive than other possible system.

Front 18

Explain two criticisms of Capitalism

Back 18

Inequality - disparity between those that buy and those that build.

Exploitation and Alienation - Paid less than the value they create. They have no true connection to the finished product.

Front 19

Define Narrow Responsibility

Back 19

Mainly on maximizing proofit. (dotcoms)

Front 20

Define Broad Responsibility

Back 20

In conjuction with making a profit, corporations also have a responsibility to the consumers, to their employees, and to society at large.

Front 21

Explain Due Care

Back 21

The idea consumers and sellers do not meet as equals and that the consumers interests are particularly vulnerable to being harmed by the manufacturer, who has knowledge and expertise the consumer does not have. "Prevents the consumer from being injured by defective products"

Front 22

Explain strict product liability

Back 22

The manufacturer of a product has legal responsibilities to compensate the suer fo that product for injuries suffered because the product's defective condition made it unreasably dangerous, even though the manufacturer has not been negligent in permitting that defect to occur.

Front 23

Buddhism vs. Capitalism

Back 23

Buddhism strives toward a work environment where everyone who is interested in working can. It also is focused on maximum well-being with the minimum of consumption.

Front 24

Types of deception in advertising

Back 24

Ambiguity; Concealed facts; Exaggeration; Phychological appeals

Front 25

What are Rawl's two principles

Back 25

1. Each person is to have equal right to the most extensive total system of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all.

2. Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions - 1) open to all & 2) greatest expected benefit of the least advantaged members of society.

Front 26

What is Nozick's theory ?

Back 26

(Inherit it) Property rights grow out of one's basic moral rights, either reflecting one's initial creation or appropriation of the product.

Front 27

Utilitarian view of equality of income

Back 27

A more egalitarian allocation of income, an allocation that increase the income of those who now earn less - would boost total happiness.

Front 28

Three aspects of moral responsbility

Back 28

1) Holding people morally accountable for some past action.
2) One's accountatbility for the care, welfare, or treatment of others as derived from the specific social role that one plays.
3) One's capacity for making moral or rational decisions on one's own.