Ethics Final Exams

Front 1

Cultural Relativism

Back 1

The view that conflicting moral standards are equally correct for different societies.

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Standard of Etiquette

Back 2

Good and bad determined by etiquette.

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Glaucon

Back 3

Who said: "People behave justly because they can be seen"

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Ethical Absolutists

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Group that argues that there are no universal truths

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Ethical Egoism

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The belief that "it is morally right to seek one's own self interest" is an example of which view

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Science

Back 6

Which topic is not related to ethics: religion, science, law, or etiquette

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War

Back 7

According to Hobbes, our state of nature is a state of...

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Knowledge

Back 8

According to Socrates, people only act poorly because they lack:

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Ayn Rand

Back 9

Person who said "Selfishness is a virtue and altruism a vice"

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Ethnocentrism

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The idea that one culture is superior to another culture is referred to as:

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Individual Egoism

Back 11

States "I ought to be self-interested"

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Ethical Relativist

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They believe that we shouldn't interfere with other cultures

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Security and Freedom

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Hobbes believes there is a direct relationship between.

Front 14

They felt as though they could do what they want without consequences, because they are invisible.

Back 14

What effect did the ring have on the wearer?

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Psychological Egoism

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We act in our own self interest no matter what.

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Prescription

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Ought/Ought not

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Description

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Is

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Individual Egoism

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They state " I ought to act in my own self interest"

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Universal Egoism

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They state "Everyone should act in their own self interest".

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A prescription

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What makes every ethical theory an ethical theory?

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Gyges

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Who stole the ring in the story written by Plato?

Front 22

Dependency thesis

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The idea that morality is dependent on the culture where it is practiced.

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Ethical Relativism

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The idea that Hitler could be compared to Mother Teresa as being equally moral

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Socrates

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Who disagreed with Glaucon about justice?

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Moral Discourse

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This is the same as moral language

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Altruism

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Doing things in the interest of others without concern of your own self-interest

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Ethical Relativism

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The philosophical theory that there are no universal truths

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Social Contract

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The PATRIOT ACT relates to this theory

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Subjectivism

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The most extreme form of Ethical Relativism

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Ethical Egoism

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The prisoners dilemma is a counter-argument to what theory

Front 31

Psychological Egoism

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The idea that we are always self-interested, no matter what.

Front 32

Glaucon

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Pluto's Brother

Front 33

Having a good will which acts according to duty

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According to Kent, moral worth is based on

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John Stuart Mill

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Argued "All human choices are motivated by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain"

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Following a set of rational rules regardless of consequences

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Aristotle's view of morality is based on

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Hypothetical Imperative

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"If you want to do well on a test, then study" is an example of

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Categorical Imperative

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"Always act so that your action could become universal law" is an example of

Front 38

Utilitarianism makes the moral worth of an action dependent on its consequences

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Why did Kant criticize utilitarianism?

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Empiricism

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The claim that our knowledge of moral principles is a type of metaphysical knowledge, implanted in us by God, and discovered by reason is an example of...

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Civil

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Locke argued that people have the same basic nature and therefore should be treated equally. What type of right was he referring to?

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Active Euthanasia

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Dr. assists in suicide

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Passive Euthanasia

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Something is prescribed and given to a patient so that they can commit suicide

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Utilitarianism

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Maximize pleasure and minimize suffering

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Act Utilitarianism

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States that " an act is right if it results in as much good as any alternative act"

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Reason

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According to Aristotle, we use this to find morality

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Vice Defect, Virtue, Vice Excess

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Example: "Coward, Brave, Rash"

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Rationalism

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Based on reason

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Empiricism

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Based on experience and human nature

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Plato

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Believed in intellectual virtues

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Aristotle

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Believed in habitual virtues

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Rules of Categorical Law

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Actions will become universal law, principle of ends

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Duty

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Deontology focuses on...

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Act Utilitarianism

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An act is right if it produces as much good as another

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Rule Utilitarianism

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The amount of good obtained from following a set of rules

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Aristotle's End Goal Belief

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Long life, personal success

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Jeremy Bentham

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He developed the Hedon

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Jean Jaques Rousseau

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Who made Kant miss his 3 P.M. walk

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Higher Pleasure

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Creativity and knowledge according to J.S. Mill

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Hypothetical Imperative

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If (insert want), then (insert way to achieve want).

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Principle of Ends

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Philosophical idea that is focused on results

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Universal Maxim

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Act is such a way that action could become a universal law

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Pietism

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Religion concerning matters of the heart

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Hedon

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Measurement of Happiness

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Principle of Autonomy

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We can all choose to practice the categorical Imperative because of this

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Good Will

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The only good in and of itself according to Kant