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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Specieism |
Prejudice or bias towards interests of one's own species and against those of members of other species |
Bias |
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Distribution |
Poor and blacks are given the death penalty more frequently than others guilty of the same crime. |
Unequal |
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Reducto ad absurdum |
Use the same line of reasoning to show it results in an absurd conclusion to demonstrate a flaw in the original reasoning. |
Reduction to an absurdity |
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Routinization |
Torture is a routine subject (like going to a regular job or picking up the kids from school) |
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Moral standing |
Morals are owed to all natural things. |
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Necessary condition |
Feature that something must have in order to be that type of thing |
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Sufficient condition |
Feature that is enough for something to be that type of thing |
Bare minimum |
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Precautionary Principle |
If an action has a suspected risk of harm, the burden of proof that it is not harmful falls on those taking the action. |
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Marginal Utility |
Point at which giving more would cause yourself and your dependents as much suffering as one would prevent. |
Give so much to others that they are now your equals. |
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Harm Principle |
The only purpose for which power can be exercised over someone against their will is to prevent harm to others. |
Best way to prevent harm |
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Distributive Justice |
Fairest way to distribute benefits and burdens. |
Key word is JUSTICE |
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Veil of ignorance |
No one knows their place in society, race, gender, psychological tendencies, or abilities so that no bias is formed. |
No bias |
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Negative (Liberty) Rights |
You can't be interfered with when exercising these rights. |
No one can top you from freedom of speech or religion |
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Positive (Claim) Rights |
Entitlements that others are required to provide you with in which you have a right to. |
Entitled to education and a fair trial |
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Covert Racism |
Allocating benefits and burdens based on race without explicitly saying it. |
Covert=hidden |
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Equal consideration |
The interest of every sentinent being affected by my actions are given equal weight and taken into account. |
If can feel pain and pleasure, my actions may affect these factors. |
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Why does the death penalty affirm the humanity of someone being executed? |
Affirms their rationality and responsibility for their actions
Dehumanized when did crime, either humanize them self or stay dehumanized in jail |
Responsibility |
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Land Ethic |
Extending moral consideration to all natural things (animals, soil, water)
Aldo Leopold "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong if it tends otherwise."
All things equal consideration: domestic sheep grazing and plants at risk, who do you save/ stop? Is it morally right to stop the sheep....leaving human and sheep without resources |
Moral consideration |
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Just laws |
Uplifting laws that are equal with the moral law (law of God) .
Majority passes it and then follow through with them. |
Uplifting |
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Unjust Laws |
Degrading laws that are not equal with the moral law (law of God).
The majority pass it, but are not willing to follow them. |
Degrading |
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Name a reason a parent should be required to have a license. |
Parenting is an activity potentially harmful to children. |
Harm |
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Why shouldn't we silence false opinions? |
The true opinion will be held like a prejudice. People will accept it because that's the only opinion they have. False opinion can give more assurance/stronger reason the true opinion is correct. |
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Why does Reiman believe the death penalty shouldn't exist? |
We as a society should reduce unnecessary horrible things done to others to deter horrible acts to advance as a civilization.
Execution says a lot about the executioner (hard- hearted)
More people are sentenced to jail than death penalty because stricter requirements
Some crimes deserve more than life in jail-sometimes the less feared, jail, is not bad enough |
Reduce horribleness |
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Lawrence vs Gunther |
Bad ideas can spread just as fast as good ones coming from free speech
Some enduring hate speech for the benefit of society wrong~Some shouldn't reap benefits, while others take burden
College campuses should be places for equal education opportunities.
No one should be afraid to walk around or feel oppressed by racist speech.
Fighting words-intended to injure the victim
Even off campuses there are limits to free speech.
Most brilliant minds should be able to work freely, not be corrupted by racist and/ or sexist speech.
The best work and forms of communication will come from open and free speech in an accepting environment. |
Lawrence=against Gunther=for |
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Mill and Taylor |
The principle which regulates the existing social relations between two sexes- the legal subordination of one sex over the other- is wrong in itself. Justice demands equal rights for women Experience does not show women are inferior Education is used to reinforce inequality No one knows the nature of either sex because it would require no interference of social influences |
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