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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the name of the VP for supply chain social responsibility and sustainability?
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Michael Kobori
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What is a cradle-to-grave determination of environmental impact called?
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lifecycle assessment
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This act limited contributions and campaign spending.
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Federal Corrupt Practices Act of 1925
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Which Supreme Court case said that restrictions of contributions to candidates don't violate the 1st Amendment, but that there can't be restrictions on the overall contributions a candidate spends?
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Buckley v. Delaho
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Which Supreme Court decision said that restrictions on corporate donations to campaigns were unconstitutional, and there can't be restrictions on when ads can run?
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Citizens United vs. FEC
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Who is the fur trader who exploited the lack of regulation in the early Americas and became the wealthiest man in US by far?
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John Jacob Aster
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Which clause gives Congress much of its regulatory power?
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Commerce Clause
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In which decision did the Supreme Court say that a dude growing wheat for himself was considered regulatable commerce?
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Wickard v. Filburn
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What are three things Congress can ask agencies to regulate?
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supply, rates (not common), conduct (most common)
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What's the only thing that isn't regulated nowadays?
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what goes into cigarettes
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What are three reasons for regulating conduct?
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1. transparency and information
2. encouraging competition 3. externalities |
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What percent of Americans say there is too much regulation?
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57 percent
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Which economist says that regulation is so excessive that businesses will not enter or give up?
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Robert Hahn
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How many jobs are lost in CA due to regulation?
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3.8 million
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What are 9 arguments against regulation?
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1. cost of complying hurts businesses, economy
2. cost can be passed to consumer 3. disincentivizes new businesses 4. cost of enforcement 5. hard to define limit (how much is a life worth?) 6. agency capture theory 7. agencies not very democratic 8. agencies are inefficient, no competition or incentive 9. hurts international competitiveness |
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What are two corporate ownership structures?
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block holder (a few own large block of shares), widely held (vast owners)
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What are advantages of the block holder model?
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-in it for the good and bad
-shareholders can exercise control, threaten to go elsewhere |
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Who put his personal lawyer, architect and the principal of his son's elementary school on his board?
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Michael Eisner
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Who put a spiritual self-help guru on the board?
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George Zimmer
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When the FCC tried to make corporations have real elections, what corporation stopped it?
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Intel
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What former dean of Haas was drafted onto boards?
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Laura Tyson
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What percent of board members are women?
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less than 10
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What percent of board members are minorities?
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14
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Who was the founder of Yahoo! who refused to sell Yahoo! to Microsoft, tanking the stock?
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Jerry Yang
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What is a person who funds a corporation to keep it from getting bought out called?
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white knight
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On average, what percent of Japanese stock is owned within a single family?
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30 percent
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What is the average income of a hedgefund manager?
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$1 billion annually
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What do hedgefund people call their earnings in order to dodge taxes?
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capital gains
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Under which regulation method does the EPA simply set a restriction that must be met?
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command and control
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What are advantages and disadvantages of command and control?
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advantages- no favoritism, everyone has to do it, clear/predictable/uniform
disadvantages- doesn't eliminate all the way, businesses have no incentive to go below max |
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What are two new ideas for environmental regulation?
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market incentives, green taxes
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What is the average spending of a winning candidate to the House of Representative (in 2000)?
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more than $630,000
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What is the average spending of a winning candidate to the Senate (in 2000)?
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$5.6 million
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What's the federal limit for individual contributions to campaigns?
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$2,000 per candidate
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What's the federal limit for individual contributions to a PAC?
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$5,000 per PAC
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What's the federal limit for individual contributions to a party committee?
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$25,000
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What were the individuals who raised more than $100,000 for George W. Bush called?
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Bush Pioneers
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What are organizations established by corporations, labor unions, or interest groups to channel the contributions of their members into political campaigns?
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Political action committees (PACs)
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Which act governs campaign finance in the US?
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1971 Federal Elections Campaign Act
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Which commission in the US oversees campaign finance practices?
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Federal Election Commission
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What do we call tax-exempt organizations that engage in political activity?
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527 committees
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What is the only kind of activity 527 committees are allowed to engage in?
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issue advocacy
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How much money did 527s raise and spend in 2004?
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$1 billion
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Are 527s subject to contribution or spending limits?
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nope
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How many times more money than PACs do 527s raise?
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three times
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What is the largest 527? What is another one?
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America Coming Together; MoveOn.org
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What is the term for unregulated contributions to the national parties nominally to assist in party building or voter registration efforts rather than for particular campaigns?
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soft money
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What was the most common type of campaign dollar funding before 2002?
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soft money
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Which act did a lot to stop soft money, by substantially diminishing the role of political parties in financing political campaigns?
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Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (McCain-Feingold)
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Full disclosure is required by candidates of all contributions over what amount?
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$100
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What qualifies a candidate for public funding?
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$5,000 at least in each of 20 different states, in contributions of $250 or less each
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Where does public funding money come from?
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Presidential Election Campaign Fund (can contribute $3 on income tax return form)
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If a candidate accepts public funding, what is their spending limit?
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$5 million
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What major donor donated how much to Bush's 2000 campaign?
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MBNA America Bank; $1.3 million
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What did Bush give MBNA in return?
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bankruptcy laws making it more difficult for consumers to escape credit card debts
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What are the 6 types of market failure (that may require regulation)?
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1. buyers or sellers overpower market forces
2. anticompetitive behavior 3. unstable or desctructive competition 4. uninformed or misinformed buyers or sellers 5. externalities 6. discriminatory practices that arbitrarily exclude certain groups from economic activity |
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What was the first regulatory agency? What was it supposed to regulate? When was it created?
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Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC); railroads; 1887
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What are the two broad categories of regulation?
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economic and social
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What are 4 examples of economic regulation?
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1. prices or rates charged
2. products or services offerred (ie radio) 3. standards of availability and quality 4. entry or license to compete in a regulated industry |
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What are 4 examples of social regulation?
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1. quality of life and environment
2. product safety 3. job safety and occupational health 4. equal employment opportunity |
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What are the 3 big differences between economic and social regulations?
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1. economic regulation is more broad and allows leeway in deciding how to comply
2. social regulations are more specific and thus more intrusive 3. compliance with social regulation is much more costly |
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What are 9 arguments in favor of economic regulation?
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1. natural monopoly argument
2. administratively providing opportunity for customers to complain 3. windfall profits 4. avoiding destructive or unstable competitive results 5. need for cross-subsidy in rural areas 6. need to allocate common property resources like broadcast spectrum 7. promotion of selected industries 8. controlling unfair price discrimination 9. insuring competitive fairness |
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What 3 things does social regulation try to address?
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1. uninformed or misinformed buyers and sellers
2. externalities or side-effects 3. discrimination |
