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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Statement |
An assertion that something is or is not the case |
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Argument |
A group of statements, one of which is supposed to be supported by the rest |
Come in 2 basic types: deductive and inductive |
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Premise |
A supporting statement in an argument |
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Conclusion |
The statement supported in an argument |
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Indicator Words |
Terms that often appear in arguments to signal the presence of a premise or conclusion, or to indicate that an argument is deductive or inductive |
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Deductive Argument |
An argument that is supposed to give logically conclusive support to its conclusion |
If it has true premises, it is said to be sound |
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Inductive Argument |
An argument that is supposed to offer probable support to its conclusion |
If it has true premises, it is said to be cogent |
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Valid Argument |
A deductive argument that does in fact provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion |
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Invalid argument |
A deductive argument that does not offer logically conclusive support for the conclusion |
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Strong argument |
An inductive argument that does in fact provide probable support for its conclusion |
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Weak argument |
An inductive argument that does not give probable support to the conclusion |
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Sound argument |
A valid argument with true premises |
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Cogent argument |
A strong argument with true premises |
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Begging the question |
The fallacy of arguing in a circle-that is, trying to use a statement as premise in an argument and the conclusion of that argument. Such an argument says, in effect, p is true because p is true. |
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Equivocation |
The fallacy of assigning two different meanings to the same term in an argument |
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Appeal to authority |
The fallacy of relying on the opinion of someone thought to be an expert who is not |
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Slippery slope |
The fallacy of using dubious premises to argue thay doing a particular action will inevitably lead to other actions that will result in disaster, so you should not so that first action. |
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Faulty analogy |
The use of a flawed analogy fo argue for a conclusion |
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Appeal to ignorance |
The fallacy of arguing that the absence of evidence entitles us to believe a claim |
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Straw man |
The fallacy of misrepresenting someone's claim or argument so it can be more easily refuted |
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Appeal to the person |
The fallacy (also known as ad hominem) or arguing that a claim should be rejected solely because of the characteristics of the person who makes it |
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Hasty generalization |
The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group of people or things based on an undersized sample of the group |
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