Ethics - Ch 3

Front 1

Utilitarianism

Back 1

Right action consists in producing the most good for the most people giving equal consideration to everyone affected.

2 Types :
Act-utilitarianism and Rule-utilitarianism

Front 2

Act-utilitarianism

Back 2

says maximize the overall good of each action , in each situation

Front 3

Rule-utilitarianism

Back 3

says live by a set of rules that maximize the overall good

Front 4

Theories of good

Back 4

specify intrinsic goods , that is things inherently worth seeking perhaps such things as pleasure , happiness , a list of desirable activities and relationships , satisfaction of preferences , or satisfaction of rational desires.

Front 5

Rights ethics

Back 5

Right action consists in respecting human rights , Most rights ethicists believe there are both liberty rights ( right not to be interfered with ) and welfare rights (right to benefits needed for a decent human life when one cannot earn those benefits one one's own and when the community has them available.)

libertarians believe there are only liberty rights . IN addition to human rights which we have because we are human beings. there are special moral rights that arise because of contracts and other special relationships

Front 6

Duty ethics

Back 6

Right actions are those required by principles of duty to respect the autonomy ( self-determination ) of individuals

Front 7

Prima Facie duties

Back 7

are duties that have some permissible exceptions when they conflict with more pressing duties as distinct from absolute duties that never have justified exceptions (in similar sense , "prima facie" is sometimes applied to rights , rules , principles , etc)

Front 8

Virtue Ethics

Back 8

We should develop and manifest good character as defined by the virtues - desirable habits or tendencies in action , commitment , motive , attitude , emotion , ways of reasons and ways of relating to others

Front 9

Self-realization ethics

Back 9

Right action consists in seeking self-fulfillment , in one version the self to be realized is defined by caring relationships with other individual and communities

In another version , called ethical egoism , right action consists in always promoting what is good for oneself with no presumption that the self is defined in terms of caring and community relationships

Front 10

Theories about motivations

Back 10

General perspectives on what motivates engineers and others .
Psychological egoism say that all people are only motivated by self-seeking that is by what they believe is good for them ( at least in some respect) .

More plausibly predominant egoism says that the strongest desire for most people most of the time is self-seeking.
this view allow that engineers are motivated by combination of proficiency motives ( skill , excellence ) , compensation motives ( money , power , recognition ) , moral motives ( respect and caring for others ) .