Ethics

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philosophies dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness/wrongness of certain actions, and the goodness/badness and the motives and ends of such actions

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Ethics

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set(s) of values, ideas or opinions of an individual group

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Philosophy

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A 'Mission Statement' is a business's what?

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Philosophy

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What is the minimum standard of acceptance for a certain behavior?

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The Law

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refers to the customs, values and standards of practice of a group, age, or theory intended to be timeless

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Moral

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There are moral truths that are indefinite, regardless of the situation is what type of moral?

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Absolutism

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This type of moral means that moral truths are determined by particular situations.

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Particularism

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A declaration or public statement of professional standards of right and wrong conduct (may or may not dictate behavior)

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Code of Ethics

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beliefs that are held in high esteem

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Values

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The brand of philosophy dealing with values of what is good or moral in business transactions (funeral service is largely regulated by the Federal Trade Commission)

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Business Ethics

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This is where moral principles vary with circumstances.

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Situational Ethics

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Something (a reason or desire) that causes a person to act

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Motives

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What are the two incentives for those working in the funeral profession?

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1. Serve families to the best of our ability (intrinsic)

2. To make a profit (extrinsic)

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Fidelity to moral principles

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Integrity

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This is a rule of ethical conduct, usually phrased as 'do unto others as you would have done unto you', the basis of the funeral service profession (written in your Commission)

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The Golden Rule

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Society determines what ought to be the case, and how we should live

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Normative Ethics

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Give an example of a cultural norm

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Ought to wear black to funerals, do not be late, issues of personal hygiene

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A culturally entrenched pattern of behavior made up of 1. sacred beliefs 2. emotional feelings accompanying the beliefs and 3. over conduct, presumable implementing the beliefs and feelings

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Religion

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Abstract patterns in society, learned directly/indirectly

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Culture

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Cultural heritage or identity of a group

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Ethnicity

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As a member of society; behavior in a group

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Citizenship

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What are determining factors for Individual Ethics?

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Family relationships, welfare of the profession, honesty and integrity, service to the community

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What are ethics in Funeral Directing?

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Confidentiality, Knowledgeable and Factual Representation, Community Relationships

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What are ethics in regard to the deceased body?

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confidentiality, Cleanliness and privacy in preparation, Thoroughness of preparation of the deceased

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What are ethics between an Employer/Employee Relationship?

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Person Conduct, Non-discriminatory Hiring Practices, Training for Duties(hire for attitude, train to task), Continuing Education/Advance Training

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When it comes to the media, a funeral director should

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Use discretion in releases to the mass media, use factual information (AVOID 'no comment')

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This is an outsource company that does some of the embalming work for a funeral home

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Livery (trade) Services

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What are some questions to ask when dealing with difficult issues?

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1. Is the behavior illegal?

2. Is the behavior untruthful?

3. Is the behavior unethical?

4. Do you have knowledge of any of the above realities?

5. Is the behavior profit driven?

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What is the Funeral Rule

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A rule, enforced by the FTC, that requires funeral homes to have a General Price List (GPL) for families and provide embalming services (but tell families it is NOT required),

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What are some examples of social responsibilities?

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1. Appropiate goods and services

2. customer relations

3. employee relations

4. product/service/employee safety

5. environmental protection (OSHA)

6. contributions to community

7. aid to education

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What determines ethical behavior?

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1. What we believe

2. Leadership and management

3. Code of Ethics

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This man is a psychology graduate at the University of Chicago (1958), expanded and developed the Theory of Moral Development throughout his life, psychological theory is an adaptation originally conceived by Jean Piaget.

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Lawrence Kohlberg

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What is the Kohlberg Theory?

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holds that moral reasoning is the basis for ethical behavior

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What are the 6 identifiable developmental stages? (bottom to top)

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1. Obedience and Punishment

2. Self-Interest

3. Good Boy attitude

4. Law and order Morality

5. Social Contract

6.Principle

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This level of Kohlberg's Theory is the Pre-Conventional stage, and includes what 2 developmental stages?

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1. Obedience and Punishment

2. Self- interest

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This level of Kohlberg's Theory is the Conventional stage, and includes what 2 developmental stages?

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1. Good boy/girl Attitude

2. Law and order morality

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This level of Kohlberg's Theory is the Post-Conventional stage, and includes what 2 developmental stages?

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1. Social Contract

2. Principle

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This stage is described as the following: How can I avoid punishment? Children often think in this stage (in term of direct consequence). Adults think also in this stage, what is the risk?

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Obedience and Punishment

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This stage is described as the following: What's in it for me? Whatever the individual believes to be in their best interest. Limited interest in the needs of others

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Self-Interest

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This stage is described as the following: Self enters society by filling social roles. Looking toward relationships, The Golden Rule.

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Good boy/girl Attitude

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This stage is described as the following: Authority and social order obedience driven (laws). Most active members of society will stay at this level. Morality is still dictated by an outside force.

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Law and Order Morality

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This stage is described as the following: laws are social contracts, perspectives should be mutually respected. 'Greatest good for the greatest number of people.' Democratic form of government formed on this notion (majority decision)

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Social Contract

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This stage is described as the following: Abstract reasoning (legal rights are unnecessary). What you would do in another person's shoes

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Principle

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What is the typical mean of notification of the passing of a person?

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Telephone

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How should a funeral employee answer the phone?

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Give: the name of the funeral home and name of person answering

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What to avoid when answering the phone

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'good morning' or 'good evening', make sure to be in a quiet area (no noisy background), 'thank you'

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What to consider when answering the phone

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1. tone of voice

2. diction

3. pronunciation

4. volume and speed of voice

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What to give the caller

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an approximate time of when you will arrive either in minutes or clock time, items to bring to arrangement conference (clothing, photo, VA info, SS#, cemetery deed, life insurance policy), make sure to assure caller that they are welcome to call again with any further questions

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What information to gather from a caller

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1. name and age of deceased

2. location of deceased

3. NOK information

4. name of attending physician

5. has the physician or coroner been notified

6. Time of death

7. Method of of disposition (if known)

8.Are the ready for the arrival of funeral personnel

9. directions or other special circumstances

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Information to gather from a hospital, nursing home, or other institution

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1. NOK name, address, and telephone number

2. did the NOK give permission to contact FH

3.Name, address, and telephone number of the persons authorizing release to the FH

4. Time of release (autopsy, tissue/organ donor)

5. Availability of refrigeration

6. Entrance to utilize

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What to bring to a removal

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1. Collapsible Cot

2. Flexible stretcher

3. Clean, white sheets

4. Pillow for residential removal

5. rubber/plastic sheeting or pouch

6. Sanitary kit

7. first call kit

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How many funeral personnels should be sent for an In-Home removal?

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a minimum of 2 personnel

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What to do at an in-home removal

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1. locate the deceased

2. find the best way to get equipment to the body

3. move furniture if needed (ask family first)

4. handling of stairways, doorways, and size

5. throw rugs

6. position, condition and size of deceased

7. determine the number of staff needed

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Steps to take for a removal at a Home/Residence

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1. use of personal protective equipment

2. Check for dentures and personal effects

3. properly shroud the body in clean, white sheets

4. adjust cot to appropriate height and slide body onto cot

5. place cot cover over the body and all appendages are adequately secured onto cot

6. check for soiled linens

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Steps to take for a hospital removal

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1. is the body released?

2. anything unusual?

3. location of body

4. confirm identity of remains (tag or label)

5. note any personal effects

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Types of Fiduciary Relationships

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Lawyer, Doctors, Therapist, Financial advisor, Funeral directors

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Why do Funeral Directors have Fiduciary Relationship?

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1. families are vulnerable

2. FDs have expertise that families lack

3. families rely on their FDs

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What the public's perception is based on

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1. Greetings at the door, lobby, or parking lot

2. NEVER smoke or chew gum in view of public

3. Non-verbal messages (handshake, stance, eye contact)

4. Importance of using and remembering names

5. visual image (professional dress)

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What to avoid when outside of work

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1. 'shop talk'

2. do not discuss colleagues, bosses, or family information (gossip)

3. non-ethical actions

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Important traits of FDs

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Tact, Sympathy, Self-starter, Pride in work, Time management, Good listening skills, Willingness to learn

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What factors influence funeral services

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1. Religion

2. cultural traditions

3. fraternal memberships

4. social qualities

5. financial status

6. social perception

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a brotherhood or a type of social organization whose members freely associate for a mutually beneficial purpose such as for social, professional, or honorary principles

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Fraternal Membership

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Four different types of funeral service customers

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1. those who see value and can afford it

2. those who see value and can't afford it

3. those who see no value and can afford it

4. those who see no value and can't afford it