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18 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

What is hard determinism?

HD is the strongest version of determinism, HD believe the claims •We have free will and •The universe is a deterministic system both cannot be true.



Hard determinist deny we have any free will, our sense of free will is an illusion, our mental states (beliefs) are caused by events that happened before we born, therefore we did not choose them.

What was Newtons mechanistic world view?

•Humans are like machines - We have no free will


•There are absolutely no room for free will


•Puppet analogy

What did Ted Honderich say?

•There is no free will


•"All our choice,decision, intentions and other mental events and our actions are nothing more than effects of equality necessitated events"

What did spinoza say ?

•"In the mind there is no absolute for free will; but mind is determined to wish this or that by cause, which has also been determined by cause and so on to infinity"


•(or back to the Big Bang)

What did John Hospers say?

•We want to believe that we have free will - sometimes we think that our choices are free- but they are not.

Strengths of HD?

Classical science tells us universe is deterministic system

Strength of Libertarianism?

Phenomenological argument: it feel as though we do have free will.


•when we are making a decision, we choose which course of action to follow we 'weigh up the options'


• this leads to moral responsibility


•it intuitively feels as though we are free agents - no robots


•quantum physics states that the universe is not deterministic at all levels


•human behaviour unpredictable

Criticisms

•Either determinism is true , or indeterminism is true


•if determinism is true, then our choices are random, and are not caused by freewill


•therefore we do not possess freewill

What is Darrow and what was his views?

An American lawyer who defended loeb and leopald on basis that we are dependent on •Heredity


•Social enviroment

Criticisms of HD

•Quantum physics states that the universe is not deterministic at all levels


•Human behaviour is unpredictable


•No moral responsibility!


•We would just be robots

What is soft determinism?

Soft determinism is the view that claims we have free will and the universe is a deterministic system are logically compatible.



Soft determinism attempts to combine both Determinism and Libertarianism.


•The universe is determined AND we have freedom/moral responsibility


•Compatibillists define free will as 'being able to act upon your causally determined desires'


•Having free will is being able to act the way you want.


What did Schopenhauer say?

• man can do what he wills but he cannot will what he wills

What did Hobbes say?

A persons freedom consists in his finding "no stop, in doing what he has the will, desire, or inclination to do"

What is John locke's locked room example?

•We are free to move around in the room - but not to leave the room. Absolute free will an illusion - there are limits


•We are not free to choose our desires (volitions) but we are free to choose how to act given our desires.


•"Liberty is not an idea belonging to desires but to the person having the power of doing..according as the mind shall choose or direct

What did David Hume say?

• free will is "a power of acting or of not acting, according to the determination of the will"



•Free actions are caused by the agent's desires



•having free will requires it to be the case that if things had been different, one could have done different

What are the strengths of SD

Respects both casual determinism and the idea we have free will.

What is the criticisms of SD?

•is this the correct theory of free will?


•Libertarians argue that having free will means being able to choose what we want, not simply being free to do what we choose.


Can we choose desires is necessary for free will

What is Libertarianism ?

Libertarianism is a version of incompatible (free will is incompatible with determinism)


•Both these claims cannot be true: we have free will, the universe is determinism system


•Libertarians deny the universe is deterministic


•created as a responsible to the fact that HD rules out the possibility of moral responsibility


•cause and effect not relevant for human choices and behaviour.


• We have freedom to act, and we are morally responsible for our actions eg people who have turned their lives around