Ethical And Bioethical Issues In Nursing And Health Care

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a set of statements encompassing rules that apply to people in professional

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Code of ethics

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ethical theory stating that moral rule is binding

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deontology

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capacity to decide with intelligence and compassion, given uncertainty in a care situation with an additional ability to anticipate consequences and courage to act

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ethical sensitivity

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science or study of moral values

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ethics

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didactic and experiential process of developing ethical reasoning abilities as a part ongoing professional preparation

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ethics acculturation

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ethical principle stating the duty not to inflict harm

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nonmaleficence

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civil rights that protect conscientious health care providers against discrimination allow them the right to act according to the dictates

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rights of conscience

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ethical theory stating that the best decision is one that brings about the greatest good for the most people

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utilitarianism

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ideas of life, customs and ways of behaving that society regards as desirable

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values

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ethical duty to tell the truth

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veracity

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is a system of principles concerning the actions of the nurse in his or her relationships with patients, patient
s family members other health care providers

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nursing ethics

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nursing ethics is part of a boarder system known as

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bioethics

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interdisciplinary field within health care that has evolved with modern medicine to address questions that arise as science and technology produce new ways of knowing

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bioethics

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truth telling

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veracity

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right to self determination

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autonomy

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promote goodness, kindness and charity

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beneficence

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the greatest good for the greatest number of individuals

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utilitarianism

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duty to inflict no harm

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nonmaleficence

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provider believes his actions are best

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paternalism

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conforms to overriding moral duty

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deontology

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hastings center report

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journal

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concern for right and wrong

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justice

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concern for others welfare

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altruism

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a clear understanding of what is right and wrong is a necessary first step to a process sometimes referred to as

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values clarification

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respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations

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human dignity

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acting in accoradance with apporiate code of ethcs

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integrity

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acting in accordance with fair treatment across the board

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social justice

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belief in health care that truth telling is always right

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veracity

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implicit standards and values for the profession

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code of ethics

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ethical duty stating that one should be answerable legally, morally, ethically or socially for one's activities

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accountability

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integrity, advocate, respect, compassion and commit

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essential words for nursing ethics

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Because of the diverse society which health care practiced - there are two sides to almost every issue faced - this is consider

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dilemmas for health professionals

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life vs. death, quality of life, design of life, one life offering cure for another (my sister's keeper), informed consent, stem cell research - these all examples of

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dilemmas

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illnesses that once led to death are now manageable and are classified as chronic illness

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dilemmas created by technology

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dilemmas - prolonging life with technology creates can be very

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costly

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the ability to manipulation of DNA is another

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dilemma of technology

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nursing must examine life and its origins, as well as its worth, usefulness and importance

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ethical decision making - balancing science and morality

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nurse must determine their own values and seek to understand the values of others - develop reasoned thought process and sound judgment

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balancing science and morality

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is a personal belief about worth that acts as a standard to guide behavior

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a value

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entire framework on which are based

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value system

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a process by which people attempt to examine the values they hold and how values functions as a part of the whole

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values clarification

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worldview and value system

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moral development

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the 1st nurse leader described role of

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value clarification

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the stage being no concept of and foundation secure moral

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infant

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this stage respond to the world around them - the is value

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toddler

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this state that aware of good and bad behavior - make choices

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school age children

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questions existing moral values - sense out of things - become contraindications in adults value

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adolescent

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strives to make sense of contradictions - internalized set of principles

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adult

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most widely accepted theory on moral development ; cognitive development process

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Lawrence Kohlberg

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rules imposed by authority, conformity, autonomous thinker

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Kohlberg's theory

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required for sound ethical decision making is for most a learning endeavor

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moral maturity (personal growth)

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nurses must commit themselves to such learning to a process called

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ethics acculturation

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rooted assumption that humans are rational and compel them to do what is right

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deontology

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establish common ground, permit people consistent positon, analytical framework

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ethical principles

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principle of respect for the person, value for all person, free to form their judgment as long as you do not fringe on other

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autonomy

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this the concepts of freedom and informed consent are grounded in the principle

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autonomy

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id the issues, id and analyze avail alt, select one alt, justify

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situation assessment procedure

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nondisclosure of private

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confidentially

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institutional ethics committee committees and purposes of the

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usefulness for situation assessment procedure

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pose a choice between perplexing alternatives in the delivery of health care b/c lack of clear sense of right or wrong

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bioethical dilemmas

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the most significant conflict in regards to bioethical dilemmas in regards to life

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abortion

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quality of life and definition of death issues - euthanasia, nurse must be prepared to consider end of life questions

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bioethical dilemmas of death

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the right to health care and allocation of scarce resources

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dilemmas in between

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provider act on behalf of patient and believes that his actions justified b/c best interest of the patient

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paternalism

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this ethical challenge interferes with patient's right

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paternalism

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makes way for the crucial legal step of informed consent

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challenge of autonomy

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gives full attention to client - assists other personnel in providing care when they are unable to do so

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altruism

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expresses concern about social trends an dissues

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altruism

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provides nursing care base on respect of patients rights

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autonomy

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nurse is honest and provides care based on ethical framework

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integrity

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acts as a health care advocate

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social justice