Essentials Of Clinical Medicine 13

Front 1

What is a neurone?

Back 1

- An excitable cell specialised for the reception of a stimulus and the conduction of an impulse
- Found in brain, spinal cord and ganglia
- Communicate at synapses
- 3 types = unipolar, bipolar and multipolar, depending on the number of processes from the cell body

Front 2

What are neuroglia and name 4 types?

Back 2

- Non-excitable cells in the CNS
1. Astrocytes - provide anatomical and functional supporting framework for nerve cells and fibres
2. Oligodendrocytes - formed myelin sheaths of nerve axons to improve rate and efficiency
3. Microglia - involved in the inflammatory response. Derived from macrophages outside nervous system
4. Ependyma - lines cavities in CNS. Involved in production and circulation of CSF

Front 3

What are Schwann cells?

Back 3

- Peripheral nervous system equivalent of oligodendrocytes
- Control production of myelin in the PNS

Front 4

Describe the division of the nervous system

Back 4

- Central nervous system feeds into the peripheral nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system in 2 parts = somatic and visceral
- Somatic system has sensory and motor parts
- Visceral nervous system has sensory and motor parts
- Visceral motor has sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres

Front 5

Describe the anatomy of the brain

Back 5

- Gyrus
- Sulcus
- Corpus callosum
- Convulution
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
- Ventricle
- Cerebral hemispheres
- Cerebellum
- White matter (inside)
- Grey matter (outside)