Essentials Of Athletic Injury Management, Test 3

Front 1

Stages in Grief Process

Back 1

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Front 2

Guidelines for treating an athlete with an injury

Back 2

1. treat the person, not the injury
2. Communicate well and clearly
3. set measurable goals
4. refer when necessary

Front 3

Reactive phases of the injury and rehab process

Back 3

1. reaction to injury
2. reaction to rehab
3. reaction to return to play decision, including career termination

Front 4

Reactions to injury requiring short rehab

Back 4

injury- initial shock/ fear, then relief at severity
rehab- optimistic but impatient
RTP- eage

Front 5

Reaction to injury requiring longer rehab

Back 5

injury- fear, anger, devastation
rehab- loss of vigor
RTP- cautious, fearful

Front 6

Reaction to chronic injury

Back 6

injury- frustration, anger, annoyance
rehab- questioning
RTP- questioning

Front 7

Reaction to a career-ending injury

Back 7

injury- grief process
rehab- negative, seems senseless
no RTP- grief process

Front 8

What variables predispose an athlete to injury?

Back 8

Personality variables
Psychosocial variables

Front 9

Psychosocial variables

Back 9

Negative stress predisposes an athlete to injury

Front 10

Personality variables

Back 10

Locus of control- examined, but has no effect
Self-concept- low self-concept deal poorly w/ stress & seeks attention, increasing incidence of injury

Front 11

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Back 11

SAD- caused by lack of exposure to sunlight; more common in women

Front 12

S/S of SAD

Back 12

decreased energy
decreased libido
hypersomnia
impaired social activity

Front 13

Tx for SAD

Back 13

light therapy
counseling
chemical therapy

Front 14

Eating Disorders

Back 14

Anorexia Nervosa- not eating
Bulimia Nervosa- binge & purge

Front 15

physical effects of eating disorders

Back 15

esophageal inflammation
erosion of tooth enamel
hormonal imbalances-can cause amenorrhea and osteoporosis
electrolyte imbalance leading to kidney & heart problems
psych issues, depression

Front 16

Warning signs of eating disorder

Back 16

changes in physical appearance, thin hair, sores around mouth
mood swings
defensive re: questions
avoid eating in public
frequent bathroom trip
excessive exercise
continual concerns about weight
consumption of food not consistent w/ weight gain

Front 17

Hyperthermia

Back 17

elevated body temperature

Front 18

methods of heat regulation

Back 18

metabolic heat production
conductive heat exchange
convective heat exchange
radiant heat exchange
evaporative heat loss

Front 19

discuss evaporative heat loss

Back 19

it can remove up to 80% of body heat on a dry day
when relative humidity is 65%, sweating is impaired
when relative humidity is 75%, sweating is virtually ineffective

Front 20

psychrometer

Back 20

measures relative humidity

Front 21

heat cramps

Back 21

least severe of heat emergencies
involuntary muscle contractions due to electrolyte loss; calves & abdomen most common; prevent by hydration before exercise
Tx: not much you can do, stretch, hydrate

Front 22

heat exhaustion

Back 22

direct result of dehydration, can be dangerous

Front 23

S/S of heat exhaustion

Back 23

profuse sweating
pale, clammy skin
increased temperature
fatigue
excessive thirst
increased pulse
nausea
headache
diziness

Front 24

Tx for heat exhaustion

Back 24

get them into cooler area
remove excessive clothing
hydrate, maybe by IV
monitor body temp

Front 25

Heatstroke

Back 25

most severe heat emergency, a medical emergency like shock
body can’t regulate temperature

Front 26

S/S of heatstroke

Back 26

hot, dry skin
dizziness
lightheaded
shallow respiration
nausea
unconsciousness
rapid pulse
body temp 106 or more
loss of coordination

Front 27

Tx for heatstroke

Back 27

rapid transport
sponge w/ cool water
remove excess clothing
hydrate
ice packs at major arteries; armpits, groin, back of neck

Front 28

Prevention of heat emergencies

Back 28

• proper fluid intake
• gradual acclimatization
• identify susceptible individuals
• keep weight records
• appropriate uniform selection

Front 29

discuss proper fluid intake

Back 29

• We need water & electrolytes
• We need ½ oz. of water for every pound of body weight, then ↑ as needed
• Water colder than room temp absorbs faster
• Urine color is the best gauge

Front 30

Identify individuals susceptible to heat stroke

Back 30

large people
• Overfat b/c adipose tissue stores increase body temp
• Muscular b/c muscle contractions produce heat

Front 31

Cold emergencies

Back 31

hypothermia
frostnip
frostbite

Front 32

Hypothermia

Back 32

lowered body temperature
shivering stops between 85-90o

Front 33

Deadly body temperature ranges

Back 33

below 85o
above 107o

Front 34

frostnip

Back 34

only the outer layer of skin freezes
usually ears, nose, chin, fingers, toes
skin firm from cold, but usually doesn’t blister
don’t rub area, blow or put in warm place to rewarm area

Front 35

S/S of frostbite

Back 35

hard, cold skin
pale, waxy skin
blistering

Front 36

How can weight records help maintain adequate hydration?

Back 36

3-5% of body weight lost during an event is too much; hold the athlete out from play until hydration is bette

Front 37

flash-to-bang method

Back 37

count seconds between lightning and thunder
divide by 5
= how many miles away lightning is
at 30 seconds (6 miles), clear field

Front 38

RTP guidelines for lightning

Back 38

wait at least 30 minutes after last sound of thunder

Front 39

SPF

Back 39

sun protection factor;
increases acceptable exposure time by a factor of SPF
over unprotected skin

Front 40

Short term goals for any therapeutic modality

Back 40

address swelling
increase ROM
decrease pain
increase strength, power & endurance
increase neuromuscular control (balance)
maintain cardiovascular fitness

Front 41

how to address swelling

Back 41

measure with a tape measure & keep monitoring for changes

Front 42

how to increase ROM

Back 42

stretching
PNF AAROM static stretching

Front 43

functional goals

Back 43

activity specific; set goals for things that will be needed for RTP or work/ life

Front 44

Underlying goal of any therapeutic modality

Back 44

to create an optimum environment for healing, not to speed up the process

Front 45

thermotherapy

Back 45

any kind of heat therapy
hydroculators, paraffin, hot tub, ultrasound, massage

Front 46

indications for thermotherapy

Back 46

when you want vasodilatation or to increase flexibility by increasing extensibility of collagen
to decrease pain by acting as a counter irritant
to decrease muscle spasm

Front 47

contraindications for thermotherapy

Back 47

acute inflammation/ injury
hypoesthesia (must monitor)
poor circulation
pregnancy
over eyes or genitals

Front 48

Cryotherapy

Back 48

cold therapy like ice, cold baths

Front 49

contraindications for cryotherapy

Back 49

poor circulation
hypoesthesia
cold allergies
Reynaud’s syndrome
use during competition immediately prior to RTP

Front 50

Electric Stimulation

Back 50

e-stim uses:
counteract pain
force muscle contractions for reeducation
pulsed contractions to decrease swelling (lymphatic drainage)

Front 51

Ultrasound uses

Back 51

continuous setting provides deep heat
pulsed setting for initial swelling

Front 52

Fluidotherapy

Back 52

heat through a circulating medium, warm air

Front 53

Diathermy

Back 53

short wave diathermies larger area
microwave diathermies smaller area

Front 54

indications for cryotherapy

Back 54

when you want vasoconstriction
to decrease pain by slowing nerve conduction to decrease the risk of secondary hypoxic injury
to decrease flexibility

Front 55

3 layers of skin

Back 55

epidermis
dermis
subcutis

Front 56

Influenza

Back 56

a viral infection, usually part of an annual epidemic

Front 57

S/S of Influenza

Back 57

fever, cough, headache, nausea, vomiting, general malaise, general body aches

Front 58

Tx for influenza

Back 58

sympomatic: analgesics, cough suppresents, steam

Front 59

rhinitis

Back 59

inflamation of the nasal mucous lining; can be allergic or non-allergic

Front 60

bronchitis

Back 60

inflamation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes

Front 61

S/S of bronchitis

Back 61

yellow discharge, wheezing, difficulty breathing, slight fever

Front 62

mononucleosis

Back 62

viral disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; called the kissing disease b/c transmitted by saliva

Front 63

etiology for mononucleosis

Back 63

incubates for 4-6 weeks
duration is usually 3 weeks

Front 64

common secondary complication of mononucleosis

Back 64

spleenomegoly, enlarged spleen

Front 65

S/S week 1 of mononucleosis

Back 65

decreased appetite, fatigue, malaise, general muscle ache

Front 66

Week 2 S/S of mononucleosis

Back 66

fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, possibility of skin rash, enlarged spleen

Front 67

RTP considerations for mononucleosis

Back 67

all S/S gone, especially enlarged spleen, blood work is clean

Front 68

Kinds of skin infections

Back 68

viral, bacterial, fungal

Front 69

common viral skin infections

Back 69

herpes simplex 1, herpes simplex 2, herpes gladiatorum, herpes zoster, human papilloma virus

Front 70

bacterial skin infections

Back 70

staphylococcus, streptococcus

Front 71

fungal skin infections

Back 71

ringworm (tinea)

Front 72

impetigo

Back 72

a bacterial strep infection

Front 73

boil

Back 73

staph infection originating in a hair folicle

Front 74

folliculitis

Back 74

inflamation of hair folicles

Front 75

herpes simplex

Back 75

results in eruption of vessicles that reappear in the same spot

Front 76

herpes simplex 1

Back 76

cold sore, fever blister

Front 77

herpes simplex 2

Back 77

genital herpes

Front 78

herpes zoster

Back 78

shingles

Front 79

anemia

Back 79

lack of iron

Front 80

iron defeciency anemia

Back 80

low levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit

Front 81

hemoglobin

Back 81

molecules that carry oxygen in blood

Front 82

hematocrit

Back 82

red blood cells

Front 83

S/S of iron deficiency anemia

Back 83

fatigue, lethargy, muscle fatigue, soreness

Front 84

care for iron deficiency anemia

Back 84

refer for blood work; management includes eating more red meat, avoiding tea & coffee, ingesting vitamin C and iron supplements

Front 85

sickle-cell anemia

Back 85

genetic condition where hematocrit is abnormally shaped; function is diminished and its life span is less

Front 86

sickle-cell anemia crisis symptoms

Back 86

intense abdominal and leg pain, fever, fatigue, muscle weakness, skin pallor, abdominal pain in UR quadrant

Front 87

treatment of sickle-cell anemia crisis

Back 87

symptomatic, remove from area causing symptoms

Front 88

hypoglycemia

Back 88

insulin shock, low blood sugar

Front 89

S/S of hypoglycemia

Back 89

rapid onest, physical weakness, drooping eyelids, moist pale skin, shallow respirations

Front 90

care for hypoglycemia

Back 90

when in doubt, give sugar; prevent through correct diet

Front 91

hyperglycemia

Back 91

diabetic coma, too much blood sugar

Front 92

S/S of hypergylcemia

Back 92

slower onset, fruity smelling breath, labored breathing, mental confusion, extreme thirst

Front 93

care for hyperglycemia

Back 93

rapid transport, give sugar as juice, tablet or goo