Essentials Of Anatomy And Physiology (Scanlon And Sanders) Ch. 13 - The Vascular System

Front 1

carry blood from the heart to capillaries

Back 1

Arteries

Front 2

the only part of the vessel in contact with blood,"", made of endothelium

Back 2

Tunica intima

Front 3

the peptide that stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle, a vasoconstrictor

Back 3

Endothelin

Front 4

the middle layer, made of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue

Back 4

Tunica media

Front 5

very strong, to prevent bursting of large arteries under high pressure

Back 5

Tunica externa

Front 6

smaller than arteries, but bigger than capillaries

Back 6

Arterioles

Front 7

smaller veins are called

Back 7

Venules

Front 8

direct connection between arteries and veins, resemble network of highways and side streets

Back 8

Anastomoes

Front 9

blood flow through capillaries is regulated by these smooth muscle cells at the beginning of each network

Back 9

Precapillary sphincter

Front 10

larger, more permeable capillaries that permit large substances like proteins and blood cells to enter and leave the blood

Back 10

Sinusoids

Front 11

when the arteries loose their elasticity and their walls become weakened

Back 11

Arteriosclerosis

Front 12

a weak part of the arterial wall may bulge out

Back 12

Aneurysm

Front 13

the abnormal accumulation of lipids and other materials in the walls of arteries, narrows the lumen

Back 13

Atherosclerosis

Front 14

inflammation of a vein

Back 14

Phlebitis

Front 15

swollen and distended vein

Back 15

Varicose veins

Front 16

varicose veins of the anal canal

Back 16

hemorrhoids

Front 17

movement of gasses from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

Back 17

Diffusion

Front 18

forces plasma and other dissolved nutrients out of the capillaries and into the tissue fluid

Back 18

Filtration

Front 19

the force exerted by the presence of protein in a solution; water will move by osmosis to the area of greater protein concentration

Back 19

Colloid osmotic pressure

Front 20

circulation that begins at the right ventricle

Back 20

Pulmonary

Front 21

circulation which begins at the left ventricle

Back 21

Systemic

Front 22

a "circle" of arteries around the pituitary gland

Back 22

Circle of Willis

Front 23

blood from the abdominal digestive organs and spleen circulates through the liver before returning to the heart

Back 23

Hepatic portal circulation

Front 24

site of exchange between the fetus and mother

Back 24

Placenta

Front 25

carry blood from the fetus to the placenta

Back 25

Umbilical arteries

Front 26

carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

Back 26

Umbilical vein

Front 27

a short fetal blood vessel that takes blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

Back 27

Ductus venosus

Front 28

an opening in the internal septum of the fetal heart that permits blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the fetal lungs

Back 28

Foramen ovale

Front 29

a short fetal blood vessel that takes most blood in the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs

Back 29

Ductus arteriosus

Front 30

inversely related to the cross-sectional area of the particular segment of the vascular system

Back 30

Velocity

Front 31

part of the vascular system with the greatest cross sectional area

Back 31

velocity is slowest

Front 32

one minute of less

Back 32

circulation time

Front 33

the amount of blood that returns to the heart by way of the veins

Back 33

Venous return

Front 34

effective for promoting venous return of the deep veins of the leg

Back 34

skeletal muscle pump

Front 35

uses the pumping action of the chest to promote venous return

Back 35

respiratory pump

Front 36

if heart rate and force increase, BP increases

Back 36

Heart rate and force

Front 37

the resistance the vessels offer to the flow of blood

Back 37

Peripheral resistance

Front 38

when the left ventricle contracts, the blood that enters the large arteries stretches the arteries' walls

Back 38

Elasticity of the large arteries

Front 39

depends on the presence of red blood cells and plasma proteins, especially albumin

Back 39

Viscosity of blood

Front 40

a temporary drop in the blood pressure followed by rapid heart rate and greater vasoconstriction

Back 40

Loss of blood

Front 41

secrets norepinephrine and epinephrine

Back 41

Adrenal medulla

Front 42

ADH increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys to prevent further water loss in urine

Back 42

from the pituitary gland

Front 43

aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys, water follows sodium back to the blood

Back 43

Adrenal cortex

Front 44

ANP increases the excretion of sodium ions and water by the kidneys

Back 44

secreted by the atria

Front 45

when venous return increases, cardiac muscles fibers are stretched and the ventricles pump more forcefully

Back 45

Starling's Law

Front 46

when blood flow through the kidneys decreases

Back 46

the process of filtration decreases and less urine is formed

Front 47

when BP decreases, the kidneys secrete this enzyme

Back 47

renin

Front 48

causes vasoconstriction and stimulates secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex

Back 48

angiostensin II

Front 49

in the medulla, consists of a vasoconstrictor area and a vasodilator area

Back 49

vasomotor center

Front 50

innervate the smooth muscle of all arteries and veins, and several impulses per second along these fibers maintain normal vasoconstriction

Back 50

sympathetic vasoconstrictors

Front 51

shock related to a severe heart attack

Back 51

cardiogenic

Front 52

shock due to decreased blood volume

Back 52

hypovolemic

Front 53

shock due to a massive allergic reaction

Back 53

anaphylactic

Front 54

responses by the body that maintain cardiac output

Back 54

compensated shock

Front 55

the state of shock that leads to more shock

Back 55

progressive

Front 56

no amount of medical assistance can restore cardiac output

Back 56

irreversible