Essential Facts For History 238, Central Michigan University

Front 1

Bronze Age (historical period)

Back 1

3600-1200 BC

Front 2

Late Bronze Age (historical period)

Back 2

1600-1200 BC

Front 3

Greek Dark Age (historical period)

Back 3

1100-800 BC

Front 4

Archaic Greece (historical period)

Back 4

800-500 BC

Front 5

Classical Greece (historical period)

Back 5

500-323 BC

Front 6

Hellenistic Period (historical period)

Back 6

323-31 BC

Hint 6

Conventionally dated from the death of Alexander to the victory of Augustus at Actium

Front 7

Roman Kings / Regal Period (historical period)

Back 7

753-509 BC

Front 8

Roman Republic (historical period)

Back 8

509-31 BC

Front 9

Late Roman Republic (historical period)

Back 9

133-31 BC

Front 10

Roman Empire (historical period)

Back 10

31 BC-476 CE

Hint 10

Strictly the latter date refers only the end of the Roman empire in the west

Front 11

Late Antiquity (historical period)

Back 11

250-600 CE

Front 12

Mycenaean conquest of Minoan Crete

Back 12

1450 BC

Front 13

Trojan War

Back 13

1180s BC

Hint 13

Traditional date (Eratosthenes) broadly supported by recent archaeology

Front 14

Bronze-Age collapse

Back 14

1200-1100 BC

Front 15

Homeric poems written down

Back 15

750-725 BC

Hint 15

Iliad and Odyssey take their final written form after centuries of development as oral literature

Front 16

Death of Solon

Back 16

558 BC

Hint 16

Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet; proto-democratic reforms

Front 17

Cleisthenes, Cleisthenic reforms

Back 17

508-507 BC

Hint 17

Crucial democratic reforms in Athens, major steps toward "final democracy"

Front 18

Persian Wars

Back 18

490-479 BC

Hint 18

Greeks vs. Persians

Front 19

Battle of Marathon

Back 19

490 BC

Hint 19

Athens almost singlehandedly defeats the Persians

Front 20

Battles of Salamis and Thermopylae

Back 20

480 BC

Hint 20

Salamis: the great naval victory near Athens; Thermpolyae: Leonidas and 300 hoplites

Front 21

Peloponnesian War

Back 21

431-404 BC

Hint 21

Athens vs. Sparta

Front 22

Death of Socrates

Back 22

399 BC

Front 23

Battle of Chaeronea

Back 23

338 BC

Hint 23

Macedonians triumph over independent Greek city-states

Front 24

Battle of Gaugamela

Back 24

331 BC

Hint 24

Alexander decisively defeats Darius III and the Persians

Front 25

Death of Alexander the Great

Back 25

323 BC

Hint 25

Also: End of classical Greece / Beginning of Hellenistic period

Front 26

Founding of Rome (traditional date)

Back 26

753 BC

Front 27

Founding of Roman Republic (traditional date)

Back 27

509 BC

Front 28

"First Triumvirate"

Back 28

59 BC

Hint 28

Unofficial alliance of Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great, and Crassus

Front 29

Assassination of Julius Caesar

Back 29

44 BC

Front 30

Battle of Actium

Back 30

31 BC

Hint 30

Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) defeats Mark Antony and gains sole power

Front 31

Reign of Augustus

Back 31

31 BC-14 CE

Hint 31

The first Roman emperor

Front 32

Death of Jesus

Back 32

30-36 CE

Hint 32

Precise date uncertain

Front 33

Roman siege and sack of Jerusalem

Back 33

70 CE

Front 34

Reign of Diocletian

Back 34

284-305 CE

Front 35

Battle of Milvian Bridge

Back 35

312 CE

Hint 35

Also: Conventional date of Emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity

Front 36

Council of Nicaea

Back 36

325 CE

Hint 36

First ecumenical council of Christian Church

Front 37

Battle of Adrianople

Back 37

378 CE

Hint 37

Romans vs. Goths. Decisive Gothic victory

Front 38

Visigothic sack of Rome

Back 38

410 CE

Front 39

Augustine of Hippo

Back 39

354-430 CE

Hint 39

The most important and influential father of the Christian church in the west

Front 40

Fall of Roman Empire (traditional date)

Back 40

476 CE

Hint 40

Deposition of Romulus Augustulus, the last (western) Roman emperor