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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Primary adrenocortical insufficiency
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Addison disease
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Young girls with short stature, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots
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Albright Syndrome
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Progressive hereditary nephritis with sensorineural deafness
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Alport Syndrome
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Congenital herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through the foramen magnum; may compress medulla or cervical cord
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Arnold-Chiari malformation
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Painless nodules in rheumatic fever
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Aschoff bodies
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Intracytoplasmic inclusions in acute myelogenous leukemia
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Auer rods
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upward moving great toe when sole is stroked; indicates upper motor neuron lesion
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Babinski sign
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popliteal fossa cyst in rheumatoid arthritis
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Baker's Cyst
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Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, elevated renin and aldosterone, normal to low blood pressure
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Bartter Syndrome
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Less severe than Duchenne, also due to defective dystrophin
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Becker muscular dystrophy
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facial paralysis due to lower motor neuron CN VII palsy
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Bell's palsy
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Kappa and lambda immunoglobin light chains in urine of patients with multiple myeloma or Walderstrom macroglobulinemia
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Bence Jones Proteins
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IgA neuropathy; most common form of primary glomerulonephritis
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Berger Disease
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Thrombocytopenia, large platelets; defect in platelet adhesion
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Bernard-Soulier disease
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intracellular "tennis racket" shaped structures in histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
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Birbeck granules
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PIP swelling in osteoarthritis secondary to osteophytes
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Bouchard's nodules
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Ring of iris spots in Down syndrome
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Brushfield spots
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x-linked agammaglobulinemia; mature B cells absent
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Bruton disease
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posthepatic venous thrombosis causing occlusion of hepatic vein or inferior vena cava
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Budd-Chiari syndrome
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small/medium artery vasculitis; especially in young male smokers
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Buerger disease
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Epstein Barr Virus-associated lymphoma with 8:14 translocation (Starry Sky Appearance)
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Burkitt Lymphoma
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Blue discoloration of gums due to lead poisoning
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Burton's lines
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gas emboli in divers
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Caisson disease
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small spaces with eosinophilic material in granulosa-theca cell tumor
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Call-Exner bodies
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infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (Central and South America)
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Chagas disease
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, and scanning speech; suggests multiple sclerosis
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Charcot's triad #1
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Jaundice, RUQ Pain, and fever; suggests cholangitis
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Charcot's triad #2
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crystals in sputum made of eosinophil membranes suggest bronchial asthma
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Charcot-Leyden crystals
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Phagocyte deficiency related to abnormal large granules in neutrophils
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Chediak-Higashi disease
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facial musical on tapping; indicates hypocalcemia
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Chvostek's sign
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Subperiosteal new bone formation; suggests osteosarcoma
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Codman's triangle on x-ray
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Liver and muscle glycogen storage disease due to debranching enzyme deficiency
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Cori disease
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Eosinophilic intracytoplastic balls of hepatocytes; suggests toxic or viral hepatitis
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Councilman bodies
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Intranuclear inclusions; suggests herpesvirus infection
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Cowdry type A bodies
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Mild (type 2) to life-threatening (type 1) congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome
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Acute gastric ulcer secondary to severe burns
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Curling ulcer
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coiled mucinous fibrils found in sputum in bronchial asthma
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Curschmann's spirials
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gastric ulcers produced by increased cranial pressure
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cushing ulcer
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intracellular bacteria in granuloma inguinale
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Donovan bodies
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Fibrinous pericarditis developing after MI
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Dressler syndrome
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Benign black liver secondary to congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome
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x-linked recessive muscle dysfunction secondary to deleted dystrophin gene
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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Trisomy 18; causes "rocker bottom" feet, low-set ears, and heart disease
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Edwards syndrome
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uncorrected left-to-right cardiac shut causes late right-to-left shunt with late cyanosis
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Eisenmenger's complex
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"Waiter's tip" hand secondary to superior trunk brachial plexus injury
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Erb-Duchenne palsy
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Kidney dysfunction secondary to proximal tubular reabsorption defect
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Fanconi syndrome
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constellation of colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
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Gardner syndrome
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Glucocerebrosidase deficiency leading to potentially fatal gluccocerebroside accumulation in multiple organs, notably spleen, liver, marrow, and brain
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Gaucher disease
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small lung lesion of early tuberculosis
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Ghon focus
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benign congenital unconjugated bilirubinemia (mostly just scares doctors)
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Gilbert syndrome
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Anti-basement membrane antibodies; causes pulmonary and kidney bleeding
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Goodpasture syndrome
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Child using arms to help with leg weakness when trying to stand; suggest Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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Gower's maneuver
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Autoimmune peripheral nerve damage causing life-threatening paralysis
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
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Chronic, progressive, potentially fatal histiocytosis in which macrophages attach a child's body
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Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
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Osteophytes at DIP; suggests osteoarthritis
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Heberden's nodes
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red cell inclusions in G6PD deficiency
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Heinz bodies
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Hypersensitivity vasculitis causing hemorrhage urticara and arthritis
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura
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microscopic finding of a ring of neural cells suggesting neuroblastoma
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Homer-Wright rosette
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Dysfunction of oculosympathetic pathways; ptosis, miosis,hemianhidrosis, apparent enophthalmos; causes include Pancoast tumor, lateral medullary syndrome
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Horner syndrome
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Red cells inclusions of DNA suggesting hyposplenism
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Howell-Jolly bodies
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Autosomal-dominant caudate degeneration causing chorea and pyschiatric problems
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Huntington disease
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Hemorrhagic nodules in palms or soles; suggest endocarditis
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Janeway lesions
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Overaggressive treatment of infection causing endotoxin release with possible shock; classic example is syphilis
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Jarish-Herxheimer reaction
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Poor delayed hypersensitivity with neutrophil chemotaxis abnormally causing hyper-IgE with skin abscesses and other infections
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Job syndrome
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HHV-8 infection in AIDS patients causing vascular sarcoma
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Kaposi sarcoma
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Dynein defect causes defective cilia, leading to bronchoiectasis
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Kartagener syndrome
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green to golden cooper deposits in the iris around the pupil; suggest Wilson disease
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Kayser-Fleischer rings
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acellular glomerular nodules; suggest diabetic nephropathy
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
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bilateral amygdala lesions causing bizarre behavior with tendency to put anything in the mouth
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome
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minute white specks in buccal mucosa that may be the first sign of measles
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Koplick spots
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gastric adenocarcinomas with ovarian metastases
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Krukenberg tumor
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diabetic ketoacidosis causes rapid, deep breathing to blow off CO2
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Kussmaul ventilations
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X-linked HGRPT deficiency causing high uric acid levels and risk of brain damage
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
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Round intracytoplasmic inclusions in neurons; seen in Parkinson disease
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Lewy bodies
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Noninfectious endocarditis in SLE
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Libman-Sacks disease
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White streaks in arterial thrombus
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Lines of Zahn
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Brown iris lesions in neurofibromatosis
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Lisch nodules
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Ropy cytoplasmic inclusions in hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease
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Mallory bodies
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Esophagogastric lacerations with profuse bleeding secondary to heavy vomiting, forcing part of the stomach into esophagus
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome
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Muscle phosphorylase deficiency causing glycogen storage disease with prominent muscular symptoms
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McArdle Syndrome
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Neuron inclusions on electron microscopy in rabies
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Negri bodies
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Potentially fatal sphingomyelinase deficiency causing sphingomyelin deposition in brain and other organs, cherry-spot macula spot, and neurologic problems
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Niemann-Pick disease
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Pea-sized nodules on palms and soles suggesting endocarditis
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Osler's nodes
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Apical lung cancer causing Horner syndrome
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Pancoast tumor
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Dorsal midbrain syndrome often caused by compression of the pineal gland; paralysis of upward gaze, may compress cerebral aquedect leading to noncommunicating hydrocephalus
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Parinaud Syndrome
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Motor disorder (resting tremor, rigidity) secondary to nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
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Parkinson disease
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Benign autosomal-dominant colon polyposis syndrome
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
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Penis deviates on erection secondary to fibrosis
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Peyronie disease
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Round, silver-staining cytoplasmic structures in neurons in Pick disease; contain tau proteins
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Pick bodies
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Swollen (balloon) cells found in Pick disease; may contain pick bodies
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Pick cells
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Frontal and temporal atrophy; progressive dementia; similar to Alzheimer's disease but has a shorter course
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Pick disease
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Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome
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lysosomal glucosidanse deficiency causing cardiomegaly
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Pompe disease
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tuberculosis of the vetebrae
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Pott disease
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recurrent vasospasm in extremities causing hand or foot color changes
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Raynaud syndrome
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Large binucleate tumor cells in Hodgkin disease
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Reed-Sternberg cells
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Increased Reid index means thick mucous glands in bronchus and suggests chronic bronchitis
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Reid index
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Crystals seen in Leydig cell tumors on microscopy
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Reinke crystals
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Nongonococcal urethritis causes immune response, leading to conjunctivitis and arthritis
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Reiter syndrome
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Retinal hemorrhages suggest endocarditis
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Roth spots
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Fairly benign congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Rotor syndrome
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Round plasma cells inclusions that suggest multiple myeloma
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Russell bodies
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Glomerulus-like microscopic structures in yolk sac tumors
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Schiller-Duval bodies
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cutaneous form of T-cell lymphoma with marked generalized erythema
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Sezary syndrome
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Postpartum pituitary necrosis leading to massive hormonal deficits
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Sheehan syndrome
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MEN Type IIa; medullary thryroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid disease
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Sipple syndrome
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Autoimmune attack on salivary glands with dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthritis
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Sjogren syndrome
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Childhood spindle cell lesion that looks like melanoma but has a better prognosis
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Spitz nevus
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Carpal spasm
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Trousseau's sign of hypocalcemia
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Migratory thrombophelbitis suggesting visceral (pancreatic) carcinoma
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Trousseau's sign of malignancy
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Left supraclavicular node enlargment suggesting metastatic gastric carcinoma
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Virchow's node
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Combination of blood stasis, endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation causes venous clots with risk of pulmonary embolism
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Virchow's triad
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Neurofibromatosis
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von Recklinghausen neurologic disease
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Osteitis fibrosa cystica
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von Recklinghausen bone disease
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Lateral medullary syndrome caused by PICA occlusion; causes contralateral pain/temperature deficits in body, ipsalateral pain/temperature deficits in face, dysphagia, vestibular dysfunction, ipsalateral Horner syndrome
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Wallenberg syndrome
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Adrenal hemorrhage complicating meningococcemia
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
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Medial midbrain syndrome; ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis, contralateral spastic paralysis, contralateral lower facial weakness.
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Weber syndrome
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MEN type I; parathyroid tumors, endocrine pancreatic tumors, and pituitary gland tumors
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Wermer syndrome
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Tropheryma Whippelii causes malabsorption syndrome
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Whipple disease
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Altered copper metabolism causes damage to liver and brain; Kayser-Fleischer rings
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Wilson disease
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Lower esophageal diverticulum
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Zenker's diverticulum
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Gastrin-secreting tumor causing peptic ulcers
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Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
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