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122 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Primary adrenocortical insufficiency
Addison disease
Young girls with short stature, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots
Albright Syndrome
Progressive hereditary nephritis with sensorineural deafness
Alport Syndrome
Congenital herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through the foramen magnum; may compress medulla or cervical cord
Arnold-Chiari malformation
Painless nodules in rheumatic fever
Aschoff bodies
Intracytoplasmic inclusions in acute myelogenous leukemia
Auer rods
upward moving great toe when sole is stroked; indicates upper motor neuron lesion
Babinski sign
popliteal fossa cyst in rheumatoid arthritis
Baker's Cyst
Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, elevated renin and aldosterone, normal to low blood pressure
Bartter Syndrome
Less severe than Duchenne, also due to defective dystrophin
Becker muscular dystrophy
facial paralysis due to lower motor neuron CN VII palsy
Bell's palsy
Kappa and lambda immunoglobin light chains in urine of patients with multiple myeloma or Walderstrom macroglobulinemia
Bence Jones Proteins
IgA neuropathy; most common form of primary glomerulonephritis
Berger Disease
Thrombocytopenia, large platelets; defect in platelet adhesion
Bernard-Soulier disease
intracellular "tennis racket" shaped structures in histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
Birbeck granules
PIP swelling in osteoarthritis secondary to osteophytes
Bouchard's nodules
Ring of iris spots in Down syndrome
Brushfield spots
x-linked agammaglobulinemia; mature B cells absent
Bruton disease
posthepatic venous thrombosis causing occlusion of hepatic vein or inferior vena cava
Budd-Chiari syndrome
small/medium artery vasculitis; especially in young male smokers
Buerger disease
Epstein Barr Virus-associated lymphoma with 8:14 translocation (Starry Sky Appearance)
Burkitt Lymphoma
Blue discoloration of gums due to lead poisoning
Burton's lines
gas emboli in divers
Caisson disease
small spaces with eosinophilic material in granulosa-theca cell tumor
Call-Exner bodies
infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (Central and South America)
Chagas disease
Nystagmus, intention tremor, and scanning speech; suggests multiple sclerosis
Charcot's triad #1
Jaundice, RUQ Pain, and fever; suggests cholangitis
Charcot's triad #2
crystals in sputum made of eosinophil membranes suggest bronchial asthma
Charcot-Leyden crystals
Phagocyte deficiency related to abnormal large granules in neutrophils
Chediak-Higashi disease
facial musical on tapping; indicates hypocalcemia
Chvostek's sign
Subperiosteal new bone formation; suggests osteosarcoma
Codman's triangle on x-ray
Liver and muscle glycogen storage disease due to debranching enzyme deficiency
Cori disease
Eosinophilic intracytoplastic balls of hepatocytes; suggests toxic or viral hepatitis
Councilman bodies
Intranuclear inclusions; suggests herpesvirus infection
Cowdry type A bodies
Mild (type 2) to life-threatening (type 1) congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Acute gastric ulcer secondary to severe burns
Curling ulcer
coiled mucinous fibrils found in sputum in bronchial asthma
Curschmann's spirials
gastric ulcers produced by increased cranial pressure
cushing ulcer
intracellular bacteria in granuloma inguinale
Donovan bodies
Fibrinous pericarditis developing after MI
Dressler syndrome
Benign black liver secondary to congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
x-linked recessive muscle dysfunction secondary to deleted dystrophin gene
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Trisomy 18; causes "rocker bottom" feet, low-set ears, and heart disease
Edwards syndrome
uncorrected left-to-right cardiac shut causes late right-to-left shunt with late cyanosis
Eisenmenger's complex
"Waiter's tip" hand secondary to superior trunk brachial plexus injury
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Kidney dysfunction secondary to proximal tubular reabsorption defect
Fanconi syndrome
constellation of colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
Gardner syndrome
Glucocerebrosidase deficiency leading to potentially fatal gluccocerebroside accumulation in multiple organs, notably spleen, liver, marrow, and brain
Gaucher disease
small lung lesion of early tuberculosis
Ghon focus
benign congenital unconjugated bilirubinemia (mostly just scares doctors)
Gilbert syndrome
Anti-basement membrane antibodies; causes pulmonary and kidney bleeding
Goodpasture syndrome
Child using arms to help with leg weakness when trying to stand; suggest Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Gower's maneuver
Autoimmune peripheral nerve damage causing life-threatening paralysis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Chronic, progressive, potentially fatal histiocytosis in which macrophages attach a child's body
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
Osteophytes at DIP; suggests osteoarthritis
Heberden's nodes
red cell inclusions in G6PD deficiency
Heinz bodies
Hypersensitivity vasculitis causing hemorrhage urticara and arthritis
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
microscopic finding of a ring of neural cells suggesting neuroblastoma
Homer-Wright rosette
Dysfunction of oculosympathetic pathways; ptosis, miosis,hemianhidrosis, apparent enophthalmos; causes include Pancoast tumor, lateral medullary syndrome
Horner syndrome
Red cells inclusions of DNA suggesting hyposplenism
Howell-Jolly bodies
Autosomal-dominant caudate degeneration causing chorea and pyschiatric problems
Huntington disease
Hemorrhagic nodules in palms or soles; suggest endocarditis
Janeway lesions
Overaggressive treatment of infection causing endotoxin release with possible shock; classic example is syphilis
Jarish-Herxheimer reaction
Poor delayed hypersensitivity with neutrophil chemotaxis abnormally causing hyper-IgE with skin abscesses and other infections
Job syndrome
HHV-8 infection in AIDS patients causing vascular sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma
Dynein defect causes defective cilia, leading to bronchoiectasis
Kartagener syndrome
green to golden cooper deposits in the iris around the pupil; suggest Wilson disease
Kayser-Fleischer rings
acellular glomerular nodules; suggest diabetic nephropathy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
bilateral amygdala lesions causing bizarre behavior with tendency to put anything in the mouth
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
minute white specks in buccal mucosa that may be the first sign of measles
Koplick spots
gastric adenocarcinomas with ovarian metastases
Krukenberg tumor
diabetic ketoacidosis causes rapid, deep breathing to blow off CO2
Kussmaul ventilations
X-linked HGRPT deficiency causing high uric acid levels and risk of brain damage
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Round intracytoplasmic inclusions in neurons; seen in Parkinson disease
Lewy bodies
Noninfectious endocarditis in SLE
Libman-Sacks disease
White streaks in arterial thrombus
Lines of Zahn
Brown iris lesions in neurofibromatosis
Lisch nodules
Ropy cytoplasmic inclusions in hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease
Mallory bodies
Esophagogastric lacerations with profuse bleeding secondary to heavy vomiting, forcing part of the stomach into esophagus
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Muscle phosphorylase deficiency causing glycogen storage disease with prominent muscular symptoms
McArdle Syndrome
Neuron inclusions on electron microscopy in rabies
Negri bodies
Potentially fatal sphingomyelinase deficiency causing sphingomyelin deposition in brain and other organs, cherry-spot macula spot, and neurologic problems
Niemann-Pick disease
Pea-sized nodules on palms and soles suggesting endocarditis
Osler's nodes
Apical lung cancer causing Horner syndrome
Pancoast tumor
Dorsal midbrain syndrome often caused by compression of the pineal gland; paralysis of upward gaze, may compress cerebral aquedect leading to noncommunicating hydrocephalus
Parinaud Syndrome
Motor disorder (resting tremor, rigidity) secondary to nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
Parkinson disease
Benign autosomal-dominant colon polyposis syndrome
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Penis deviates on erection secondary to fibrosis
Peyronie disease
Round, silver-staining cytoplasmic structures in neurons in Pick disease; contain tau proteins
Pick bodies
Swollen (balloon) cells found in Pick disease; may contain pick bodies
Pick cells
Frontal and temporal atrophy; progressive dementia; similar to Alzheimer's disease but has a shorter course
Pick disease
Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
lysosomal glucosidanse deficiency causing cardiomegaly
Pompe disease
tuberculosis of the vetebrae
Pott disease
recurrent vasospasm in extremities causing hand or foot color changes
Raynaud syndrome
Large binucleate tumor cells in Hodgkin disease
Reed-Sternberg cells
Increased Reid index means thick mucous glands in bronchus and suggests chronic bronchitis
Reid index
Crystals seen in Leydig cell tumors on microscopy
Reinke crystals
Nongonococcal urethritis causes immune response, leading to conjunctivitis and arthritis
Reiter syndrome
Retinal hemorrhages suggest endocarditis
Roth spots
Fairly benign congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Rotor syndrome
Round plasma cells inclusions that suggest multiple myeloma
Russell bodies
Glomerulus-like microscopic structures in yolk sac tumors
Schiller-Duval bodies
cutaneous form of T-cell lymphoma with marked generalized erythema
Sezary syndrome
Postpartum pituitary necrosis leading to massive hormonal deficits
Sheehan syndrome
MEN Type IIa; medullary thryroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid disease
Sipple syndrome
Autoimmune attack on salivary glands with dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthritis
Sjogren syndrome
Childhood spindle cell lesion that looks like melanoma but has a better prognosis
Spitz nevus
Carpal spasm
Trousseau's sign of hypocalcemia
Migratory thrombophelbitis suggesting visceral (pancreatic) carcinoma
Trousseau's sign of malignancy
Left supraclavicular node enlargment suggesting metastatic gastric carcinoma
Virchow's node
Combination of blood stasis, endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation causes venous clots with risk of pulmonary embolism
Virchow's triad
Neurofibromatosis
von Recklinghausen neurologic disease
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
von Recklinghausen bone disease
Lateral medullary syndrome caused by PICA occlusion; causes contralateral pain/temperature deficits in body, ipsalateral pain/temperature deficits in face, dysphagia, vestibular dysfunction, ipsalateral Horner syndrome
Wallenberg syndrome
Adrenal hemorrhage complicating meningococcemia
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Medial midbrain syndrome; ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis, contralateral spastic paralysis, contralateral lower facial weakness.
Weber syndrome
MEN type I; parathyroid tumors, endocrine pancreatic tumors, and pituitary gland tumors
Wermer syndrome
Tropheryma Whippelii causes malabsorption syndrome
Whipple disease
Altered copper metabolism causes damage to liver and brain; Kayser-Fleischer rings
Wilson disease
Lower esophageal diverticulum
Zenker's diverticulum
Gastrin-secreting tumor causing peptic ulcers
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome