Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
An organism that derives its energy from organic wastes and dead organisms; also called a detritivore
|
Decomposer
|
|
|
The breakdown of organic materials into inorganic ones
|
Decomposition
|
|
|
A chemical process in which a polymer forms as monomers are linked by the removal of water molecules. one molecule of water is removed for each pair of monomers linked. also called condensation
|
Dehydration reaction
|
|
|
A shift from zero population growth in which birth rates and death rates are high to zero population growth characterized instead by low birth and death rates
|
Demographic transition
|
|
|
A process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific conformation and hence function; can be caused by changes in pH or salt concentration or by high temperature; also refers to the separation of the two strands of the DNA double helix, caused by similar factors
|
Denaturation
|
|
|
A population-limiting factor whose effects depend on population density
|
Density-dependant factor
|
|
|
A population-limiting factor whose occurrence and effects are not affected by population density
|
Density-independant factor
|
|
|
Darwin's initial phrase for the general process of evolution
|
Descent with modification
|
|
|
A biome characterized by organisms adapted to sparce rainfall (less than 30 cm per year) and rapid evaporation
|
Desert
|
|
|
The conversion of semi-arid regions to desert
|
Desertification
|
|
|
An organism that derives its energy from organic wastes and dead organisms; also called a decomposer
|
Detritivore
|
|
|
Dead organic matter
|
Detritus
|
|
|
An animal with a coelom that forms from hollow outgrowths of the digestive tube of the early embryo. They include the echinoderms and the chordates
|
Deuterostome
|
|
|
A unicellular photosynthetic alga with a unique glassy cell wall containing silica
|
Diatom
|
|
|
The spontaneous movement of particles of any kind from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
|
Diffusion
|
|
|
The organ system that ingests food, breaks it down into smaller chemical units, and absorbs the nutrient molecules
|
Digestive system
|
|
|
An experimental mating of individuals differing at two genetic loci
|
Dihybrid cross
|
|
|
A series of stages in the life cycle of many fungi in which cells contain two nuclei
|
Dikaryotic phase
|
|
|
A unicellular photosynthetic alga with two flagella situated in perpendicular grooves in cellulose plates covering the cell
|
Dinoflagellate
|
|
|
Containing two sets of chromosomes (homologous pair) in each cell, one set inherited from each parent; referring to a 2n cell
|
Diploid
|
|
|
Natural selection that acts in favor of the individuals at one end of a phenotypic range
|
Directional selection
|
|
|
A sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides linked by a dehydration reaction
|
Disaccharide
|
|
|
The process of scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature
|
Discovery science
|
|
|
the manner in which individuals in a population are spaced within their area. Three are: clumped (individuals are aggregated in patches), uniform (indivisuals are evenly distributed), and random (unpredictable distribution)
|
Dispersion pattern
|
|
|
Natural selection that favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes
|
Disruptive selection
|
|
|
In an ecological sense, a force that changes a biological community and usually removes organisms from it. these include fires and storms
|
Disturbance
|
|
|
Deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents; a double-stranded helical macromolecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, T
|
DNA
|
|
|
A procedure that analyzes an individual's unique collection of DNA restriction fragments, detected by electrophoresis and nucleic acid probes, can be used to determine whether two samples of genetic material are from the same individual
|
DNA fingerprinting
|
|
|
An enzyme, essential for DNA replication, that catalyzes the covalent bonding of adjacent DNA nucleotides; used in genetic engineering to paste a specific piece of DNA containing a gene of interest into a bacterial plasmid or other vector
|
DNA ligase
|
|
|
A glass slide containing thousands of different kinds of single-stranded DNA fragments arranged in an array. Tiny amounts of DNA fragments, representing different genes, are fixed to the glass slide. These fragments are tested for hybridization with various samples of cDNA molecules, thereby measuring the expression of thousands of genes at one time
|
DNA microarray
|
|
|
An enzyme that assembles DNA nucleotides into polynucleotides using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template
|
DNA polymerase
|
|
|
Methods used to study and/or manipulate DNA, including recombinant DNA technology
|
DNA technology
|
|
|
A taxonomic category above the kingdom level; they are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
|
Domain
|
|
|
In a heterozygote, the allele that determines the phenotype with respect to a particular gene
|
Dominant allele
|
|
|
Pertaining to the back of a bilaterally symmetrical animal
|
Dorsal
|
|
|
One of the four hallmarks of chordates; the chordate brain and spinal chord
|
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
|
|
|
A type of covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons; symbolized by a pair of lines between the bonded atoms
|
Double bond
|
|
|
In flowering plants, the formation of both a zygote and a cell with a triploid nucleus, which develops into the endosperm
|
Double fertilization
|
|
|
The form of native DNA, referring to its adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape
|
Double helix
|
|
|
A human genetic disorder resulting from the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by heart and respiratory defects and varying degrees of mental retardation
|
Down syndrome
|
|
|
A human genetic disease caused by a sex linked recessive allele and characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue
|
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
|
|
|
Repetition of part of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome; can result from an error in meiosis or from mutagenesis
|
Duplication
|
