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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Scientific Method
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Process not recipe
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Hypothesis
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testable prediction
if, then statement |
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Theory
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well tested, widely accepted view the scientific community agrees explains observable facts
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Law
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Only describes a particular behavior in nature, narrow in scope and can be briefly described
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Conclusion
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1) Refers to purpose & hypothesis
2) Discuss data 3) Results that prove/disprove hypothesis 4) Point out errors/improvements |
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Earth System
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1) Geosphere
2) Hydrosphere 3) Atmosphere 4) Biosphere |
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Energy
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Open System
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Closed System
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Matter & Life
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Independent Variable
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Responding variable that does not depend on the other factor
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Dependent Variable
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Manipulated variable that depends on the other factor
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Rotation vs Revolution
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Rotation: turning/spinning on axis
Revolution: motion of body along a path around a point in space |
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Satellite
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Object which orbits around a planet.
1) Natural: Moon 2) Artificial: launched into space |
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Low orbits & geosynchronous orbits
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Low: allow several orbits each day (ex: weather satellite)
Geo: orbit w/ earth's rotation (ex: communication satellite) |
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Moon
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No light
Orbit = 28 days |
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Phases of Moon
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Reflection of light from Sun off surface of Moon.
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Same face
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One side of moon because rotation=revolutions
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Lunar Eclipse
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Moon behind Earth, no light reflected from sun
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Solar Eclipse
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Moon between Sun & Earth
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Moon Facts
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1/6 gravity
No ATM No erosion Origin: lg object strikes earth and ejects material caught by gravity and becomes spherical. |
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Sun
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1) Interior: Nuclear fusion H->He
2) Photosphere: part we see 3) Chromosphere: thin red layer of hot gases 4) Corona: outer fringe; makes solar wind |
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Sunspots
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11 yr cycle
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Solar flares
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brief outburst cause solar wind to intensify
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Prominence
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cloudlike structures consisting of gases held by magnetic fields
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Minerals
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Naturally occuring inorganic solid with definit chemical composition and orderly crystaline structure
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Identifying minerals
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1) Quantitative
2) Qualitative |
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Properties
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1) Crystal form
2) Color 3) Streak 4) Hardness 5) Cleavage 6) Fracture 7) Specific gravity |
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Silicates
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Quartz
Mica Feldspar Olivine |
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Nonsilicates
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Carbonates
Sulfides Halides Oxides Native Elements |
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Mineral uses
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Chalk
Tums Salt Cement Battery Acid |
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Rocks
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Made up of 1+ minerals
Uses: Floor tiles, landscaping, cememnt, steel, etc |
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Igneous
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1) Cool quickly/slowly
2) Classified: texture/composition 3) Bowen's reaction series:according to T @ crystalization 4) Main types: Granite, Basalt, Obsidian, & Pumice |
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Sedimentary
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1) From weathered material
2) Detrial/clastic/chemical 3) Deposition-Compaction -Cementation-Lithification *limestone fizzes b/c calcite fizzes |
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Metamorphic
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1) Agents: heat, pressure, & fluids (h2o)
2) Transformed from parents 3) Foliated: Aligning of minerals 4) Nonfoliated: no layers |
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Weathering
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Physical breakdown & Chemical alteration of rocks
1) Chemical: rusting/oxidation 2) Mechanical: frost wedging/unloading |
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Erosion
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Physical removal of material by mobile agents (ex: wind, rain, waves)
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Soil
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combination of mineral & organic matter, water & air
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Humus
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organic matter in soil produced by decomp of plants & animals; High ability to retain water
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Loam
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no dominating soil texture; best suited for plant-life
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Formation of Soil
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1) parent material
2) time 3) climate 4) plants 5) animals 6) slope |
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Soil profile
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vertical section through soil
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Soil structure/texture
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Important: ability to be cultivated & susceptibility to erode
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Mass wasting
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work of gravity on earth
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Types of mass wasting
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1)Landslides
2)Creep 3)Slump |
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Landslides
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1)fall - slope too steep
2)slides - along curved surface 3)flow - saturated with water |
