Essc 111 Emu Exam 4

Front 1

Extensive "red bed" deposition occured when

Back 1

Extensive "red bed" deposition occured in the: Triassic period

Front 2

What orogeny continues to occur in the triassic period

Back 2

the Sonoma Orogeny continues to occur along west North America caused by island arc collision

Front 3

when did the rifting in the appalachians "palisades event" occur and what did it make

Back 3

the appalachian rifting occured in theTriassic

the palisades event formed the north atlantic ocean

this created the: connecticut valley graben, newark basin, and gettysberg basin accumulate texturallyand compositionally immature sediments

Front 4

what 3 sequences occurred in germany in the Triassic

Back 4

(red beds)

(limestones)

(redbeds)

Front 5

what cratonic sequence ended in the triassic period

Back 5

Absaroka Cratonic Sequence ended in the triassic

Front 6

When was the modern fauna established in the marine biosphere and what animals were replaced

Back 6

the modern fauna was established in the Triassic period

trilobites, brachiopods, crinoids, and tabulate and rugose corals, are largely,and in some cases entirely, replaced by the modern fauna

Front 7

what is the dominant fish in the triassic and what is the dominant marine predator

Back 7

The Osteichthyes become the dominant fish in the triassic.

Ichthyosaurs are the dominant marine predators. They have a euryapsid skull and thus are not dino's

Front 8

what 2 land plants replace coal swamp plants in the triassic

Back 8

cynads and conifers replace swamp plants in the triassic

Front 9

what are the dominant land vertebrates in the triassic

Back 9

Reptiles become the dominant land vertebrates in the triassic.

Front 10

What 3 periods make up the Mesazoic Era (Age of the reptiles)

Back 10

Cretaceous (Youngest)

Jurassic

Triassic

Front 11

What 2 periods make up the Cenozoic Era "The Age of Mammals"

Back 11

Quaternary (Youngest)

Tertiary

Front 12

what kind of skull do mammal like reptiles have

Back 12

Did well in the triassic

synapsid type of skull (same as mammals)

Front 13

when were the first lizards alligators and turtles. alive?

Back 13

Triassic

Front 14

when did the first flying reptiles live and what were they called

Back 14

Triassic period.

the first flying reptiles were called Pterosaurs. These have a basic diapsid skull but are not dino's because of their hip structure

Front 15

what did dinosaurs originate from and when were they alive

Back 15

Triassic period

The codonts gave rise to dinosaurs

Front 16

Define dinosaur and when did they first appear

Back 16

Triassic period

Dinosaurs: reptiles with a basic diapsid skull andspecialized hips that place the legs directly beneath the body

Two main groups:Ornithischians and the Saurischians

Front 17

When did the first mammals appear

Back 17

Mammals appeared in the Triassic period (shrew size)

Front 18

A mass extinction in the triassic killed what

Back 18

Thecodonts completely out; many species of ammonoids out.

Front 19

What 4 geo events occured in the Early Jurassic

Back 19

1. Continued major regression

2. Large "sand seas" in western interior

3. Rifting in proto-Gulf of Mexico causes N.america and Gondwana to rift apart.

4. Deposition of thick evaporites near gulf of mexico

Front 20

What cratonic sequence begins in the mid jurassic and where

Back 20

Zuni Cratonic Sequence begins depositing sediments in sundance sea in west N. america

Front 21

when did the Franciscan formation occur and where

Back 21

Mid Jurassic

along west N. America due to subduction

Front 22

When did the Nevadan Orogeny occur and what did it create

Back 22

Late Jurassic

created: massive granitic batholiths and sundance sea

Front 23

Erosion of Nevadan uplifts leads to:

Back 23

progradation of sediment into Sundance Sea

Front 24

what ened the Phase I of Zuni Sequence.

Back 24

Regression at end of Jurassic terminates Phase I of Zuni Sequence

Front 25

What happened in Europe and Gondwana in the Late Jurassic

Back 25

Europe:widespread marine deposits

Gondwana: beginnings of massive outpourings of basalt as Gondwana begins to rift apart

Front 26

The first planktonic foraminifera appear when

Back 26

Jurassic

Front 27

what animals do well in the jurassic period

Back 27

Dinosaurs, Ammonoids, belemnites, Marine reptiles, including Ichthyosaurs and Plesiosaurs are very abundant.

Front 28

when did the first birds appear

Back 28

Jurassic

Front 29

By the end of the early Cretaceous a majortransgression begins what sequence

Back 29

Zuni phase II sequence western USA

This transgression allows a epeiric sea to be once again established in the western interior. Large coalswamps are established

Front 30

what orogeny continues in the Cretaceous period

Back 30

Nevadan Orogeny

Front 31

What are the 3 orogenys that occur in the Late cretaceous and where

Back 31

All in western USA

1. Sevier Orogeny

2. Laramide Orogeny (Rockies)

3. Andean Orogeny

Front 32

Gondwana is breaking up during what period

Back 32

Late Cretacious

a) South Atlantic opens as Africa and S. America rift apart.

b) India is detached and begins moving northward toward Asia

Front 33

What happens in Europe in the Late Cretaceous period

Back 33

In Europe, chalk is widely deposited

Front 34

When were the salt domes beginning to form and where

Back 34

Paleogene Period in the gulf region

Front 35

when did the Zuni Cratonic (Sloss) Sequence phase 2 end and why.

Back 35

Regression at end of Paleogene period

Front 36

what orogeny continues into the paleogene period

Back 36

Laramide Orogeny

Front 37

Tethys ocean closing results in what 2 orogenys and when

Back 37

Paleogene Period

1. Alpine Orogeny results from Europe-Africa collision

2. Himalayan Orogeny results from Asia-India collision

Front 38

what orogeny continues in the paleogene period

Back 38

3. Andean Orogeny continues in S. America

Front 39

Transgression begins the_____________ cratonic sequence in what period

Back 39

Neogene Period

Tejas Cratonic (Sloss) Sequence

Front 40

what Major change in tectonic activity occurs in western N. america and creates the_________and when

Back 40

Neogen Period

Compressional tectonics change to extensional tectonics - resultsfrom the subduction of the East Pacific Rise and creates San Andreas transform fault

Front 41

Large-scale normal faulting in the Neogene Period creates what in the USA

Back 41

produces Basin and Range topography in southwestern U.S.

Front 42

Hot Spot activity in western USA creates what and when

Back 42

Neogen Period

Outpouring of volcanics forms a "hot spot track"

Front 43

The uplift of the Colorado Plateau does what and when

Back 43

Neogen Period

rejuvenation of streams, Grand Canyon cut (begins about 5 Ma).

Front 44

What orogeny occurs during the Neogene period

Back 44

Coast Ranges Orogeny;Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mts. rejuvenated.

Front 45

During the Neogene period what plate is established and what does it create

Back 45

Caribbean Plate is established; North and South America connected by Isthmus of Panama (= Panama arc)

Front 46

When does the East African Rift develop

Back 46

Neogene period

Front 47

The most recent glaciation occured when and what was the last stage? What were the effects?

Back 47

Neogene Period

last stage was the wisconsin stage

Effects include: formation of the Great Lakes, major changes in sea level, isostatic effects, intense alpineglaciation, and many glacial depositional landforms in northern U.S. and Canada

Front 48

When did the first diatoms, Mosasaurs, and coccoliths appear

Back 48

Cretaceous period

coccoliths being very abundant formed tons of chalk

Mosasaurs: These are giant marine lizards, not dino's!

Front 49

when did the first angiosperms appear

Back 49

Cretaceous period

they are the dominant plant still today

Front 50

When was the last mass extinction and what was affected?

Extinction Hypotheses?

Back 50

Cretaceous period

Flying Reptiles, the pterosaurs, thedinosaurs, the rudist bivalves, and the ammonoids all died. Everything else was spanked good

Extinction Hypotheses: Bolide Impact, Volcanism, Global Cooling.

Front 51

Mammals undergo an "adaptive radiation" during what period?

What animals come from this?

Back 51

Paleogene period

First:

Marine mammals

Flying mammals

Large land-living herbivorous mammals

Front 52

The first grasses and grasslands appeared when

Back 52

paleogene period

Front 53

Modern mammal faunas are established when?

Even-toed ungulateslargely replace what?

Back 53

Neogene period

Even-toed ungulateslargely replace formerly dominant odd-toed ungulates

Front 54

When was the last Ice Age and what animals appeared

Back 54

Neogene period

Mammoths, Mastodons, Woolly Rhinoceroses, and Giant Irish Elk in cool northernareas. In warmer areas, Saber-Toothed Cats, Giant Ground Sloths, and Glyptodonts

Front 55

When did the first humans appear

Back 55

Neogene period

100,000 years ago, the first Homo sapiens inhabit the planet.