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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hearing pathway1: Sounds waves hits what first? |
pinna; which are folds and ridges on outer ear to reflect sound down ear canal |
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Hearing pathway2: After sound waves hit the pinna it hits |
tympanic membrane and the ear drum starts to vibrate |
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Hearing pathway3: What is directly behind the tympanic membrane? |
3 ossicles Malleus Incus Stapes |
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Hearing pathway4: Stapes is embedded into |
the cochlea which sits in notch, called the oval window |
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Hearing Pathway5: oval window serves as a |
membrane that allows stapes to come in direct contact with fluid inside cochlea |
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Hearing pathway6:As stapes vibrate it's going to vibrate and start to |
move that fluid |
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Hearing pathway 7: your round window will |
push out and allows enough air into cochlea where you have room for the fluid to move |
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Hearing pathway 8: Inside the cochlea you have 3 systems . Where does fluid flow through |
scala and vestibula and scala tympani
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Hearing pathway 9: The scala media is where? |
the middle which is where your receptive organ for hearing is located (Organ of corti) |
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Hearing pathway 10: Organ of corti consists of 4 strucutres |
Basilar membrane - bottom Tectorial membrane- top Hair cells- in between them, receptors for hearing Deiter's cells - connecting your hair to the basilar membrane Tip links |
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Hearing pathway 11: Hair cells have thin fibers called |
cilia, what makes them unique is that thy're all connected to one another by tip links |
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Hearing pathway 12: Tip links connect what |
cilium to the adjacent cilium; it's connected by an insertional plaque |
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Hearing pathway 13: when the cilium bends and cilium stretches and pulls on the insertional plaque what opens? |
potassium ion channel |
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PA: One input comes from |
neutral stimulus and one comes form unconditioned stimulus |
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PA tone is : |
neutral stimulus puff of air is your unconditioned stimulus |
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PA when you have a tone it goes to |
auditory system; it's a neutral stimulus so it's going to be a weak synapse. tone binds to AMPA and an NMDA receptor but does not release as much glutamate |
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PA 1: Puff of air is given how long after the tone ( remember the washback here) |
1-5 seconds; we have a washback called dendritic spike after this. It depolarizes the entire cell. |
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PA 2: NMDA recptors can bind glutamate but sometimes you have what that make the NMDA receptors inactive |
magnesium blocks
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PA 3: You need glutamate and glycine to bind this is called |
ligand dependent bind because it's dependent on a certain type of ligand to bind. You also need voltage dependent because receptor needs to be depolarized to a certain voltage to help remove the magnesium block. |
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PA 4: AMPA and NMDA are what kind of receptors and where do you have both? |
glutamate receptors; synapse |
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PA 5: The binding of glutamate to your AMPA receptors opens |
sodium channels and causes ap (which means you blink) |
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PA 6: Once magnesium block is removed what comes in |
calcium |
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PA 7: the influx of calcium causes |
the changes in the synapse |
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PA 8: Once calcium comes in it is going to insert |
additional AMPA receptors into the dendritic spine |
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PA 9: What does calcium bind to first to move AMPA receptors? |
calcium kalmodulate kinase |
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What are the 3 postsynaptic changes in calcium? |
Change in size and shape of dendritic spine growth of new spines, movement of AMPA receptors to tips |
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What is the 1 presynaptic change in calcium? |
Release of nitric oxide; nitric oxide can communicate messages from one cell to another; |
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Nitric oxide travels back to |
your axon and causes it to release more nts; can only go a short distance. |
