Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
The Intertidal Belt is a narrow belt along (1 - Where?) lying between which two tide marks?.
|
1 - the shoreline
2- lowest low, highest high |
|
|
|
What are the 4 tide marks in the Los Angeles area?
|
1 - Lowest low tide
2 - Lowest high tide 3 - Highest low tide 4 - Highest high tide |
It's a fairly general question.
|
|
|
Intertidal is also known as ?
|
Littoral
|
Rhymes with 'literal'
|
|
|
The littoral zone is subdivided broadly into what four vertical zones?
|
Labeled from highest to lowest:
1 - Supratidal, Spray Zone 2 - Upper Intertidal 3 - Middle Intertidal 4 - Lower Intertidal |
|
|
|
The littoral zone is subdivided based on what two things?
|
1- The amount of time the zone is submerged.
2 - Vertical distribution of species in a certain zone |
1 - It's a certain amt of time...
2 - Wildlife |
|
|
What is the vertical zone of the sublittoral zone and what is its distinctive feature?
|
- Subtidal Zone
- It's permenantly submerged |
|
|
|
Biological & Physical conditions control what?
|
The Zonal Distribution/Biotic Zonation of organisms
|
With regards to wildlife in these zones.
|
|
|
What determines the upper limit of organisms in each zone?
|
Physical Conditions
|
"You can't live outside your own environment."
|
|
|
What determines the lower limit of organisms in each zone?
|
Biological Interactions
|
"You won't last long where your predator is."
|
|
|
What are the five physical conditions limiting an organism's living zone?
|
1- Wave exposure (the degree of sheltering from surf)
2 - Tidal range (Waves can bring nutrients as well as knock organisms off substrate) 3 - Heat & cold (temperature changes are more extreme above water) 4 - Substrate (Different types support different communities) 5 - Available space (Organisms need a place to live) |
|
|
|
What are the three biological interactions limiting an organism's living zone?
|
1 - Predation
2 - Adaptation (Physiological and morphological ways to deal with physical challenges) 3 - Competition for (desired and/or needed) space |
|
|
|
Substrate mud/sand supports what kind of organisms?
|
Those able to live in turbid (full of mud/sand) waters.
- In sand/mud, species diversity is moderate and abundances are low. |
|
|
|
Substrate cobbles support what kind of organisms?
|
Those able to resist the action of colliding cobbles in the
surf. Diversity and abundances are low. |
|
|
|
Of rock, cobbles, and sand/mud, which supports the highest diversity and abundance of organisms and why?
|
Rock
- The specific community is determined by the rock’s variable texture and degree of hardness. |
|
|
|
This lab focuses its attention on the intertidal zone of where?
|
The Pacific Coast of North America
|
It's near the USA.
|
|
|
The coastline of west N.America is especially diverse for what three reasons?
|
1 - Intense coastal upwelling of nutrient-rich bottom waters
2 - almost complete freedom from winter sea ice 3 - Algae is able to grow easily & support invertebrate herbivores b/c small diversity of herbivorous fish |
1 - What does an upwelling usually do?
2 - What does the CA Current bring with it? 3 - Small # of plant-eating fish means what? |
|
|
Macroalgae are also known as ?
|
Seaweed
|
Nori
|
|
|
4 traits of macroalgae:
|
1 - Photoautotrophic
2 - Unicellular or multicellular 3 - Aquatic 4 - Eukaryotes (have a membrane-bound nucleus & cell-components) |
|
|
|
Macroalgae ARE NOT:
|
Plants
|
No specialized tissues meaning?
|
|
|
Basic Macroalgae Structure:
|
Blade
Gas Bladder (Pneumatocyst) Stipe Holdfast |
4 main parts similar in look but NOT AT ALL THE SAME to plants' leaf, stem, root
|
|
|
3 major types of macroalgae?
|
- Green algae (Chlorophyta)
- Brown algae (Phaeophyta) - Red algae (Rhodophyta) |
|
|
|
3 big features about chlorophyta:
|
- Gave rise to terrestrial plants
- Can overgrow & kill coral reefs - Cell walls made of cellulose |
|
|
|
3 big features about phaeophyta:
|
- Most structurally complex of all seaweeds
- Largest of all algal species - Largest component of "kelp forests" (~800 distinct species) |
|
|
|
3 big features about rhodophyta:
|
- Some species are parasitic
- Is best at absorbing light in deep water (blue light penetrates the best) - Uses CaCO3 to support its structure & secretes it as well to support coral reefs |
|
|
|
4 tides occur every period of how many hours?
|
24 hrs
|
|
|
|
3 most common ways of avoiding desiccation:
|
1 - Shells (hold water)
2 - Cover self in slimy mucus barrier 3 - Stay near water (tide pools, etc.) |
|
|
|
4 most common ways of attachment to substrates:
|
1 - vacuum suction w/ mucus
2 - holdfasts via threads or clamping shells 3 - Boring into rocks to hide from waves 4 - Hiding in crevices |
|
|
|
In lower intertidal vs. upper intertidal: Type of Organism difference?
|
- Upper: more shelled organisms
- Lower: more soft-bellied organisms |
|
|
|
Typical Vertical Distribution of Zones in Rocky intertidal zone
|
Supratidal
Upper Intertidal: (Highest High, Lowest High) MIddle Intertidal: (Lowest High, Highest Low) Lower Intertidal: (Highest Low, Lowest Low) |
|
