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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
The Intertidal Belt is a narrow belt along (1 - Where?) lying between which two tide marks?.
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1 - the shoreline
2- lowest low, highest high |
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What are the 4 tide marks in the Los Angeles area?
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1 - Lowest low tide
2 - Lowest high tide 3 - Highest low tide 4 - Highest high tide |
It's a fairly general question.
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Intertidal is also known as ?
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Littoral
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Rhymes with 'literal'
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The littoral zone is subdivided broadly into what four vertical zones?
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Labeled from highest to lowest:
1 - Supratidal, Spray Zone 2 - Upper Intertidal 3 - Middle Intertidal 4 - Lower Intertidal |
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The littoral zone is subdivided based on what two things?
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1- The amount of time the zone is submerged.
2 - Vertical distribution of species in a certain zone |
1 - It's a certain amt of time...
2 - Wildlife |
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What is the vertical zone of the sublittoral zone and what is its distinctive feature?
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- Subtidal Zone
- It's permenantly submerged |
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Biological & Physical conditions control what?
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The Zonal Distribution/Biotic Zonation of organisms
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With regards to wildlife in these zones.
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What determines the upper limit of organisms in each zone?
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Physical Conditions
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"You can't live outside your own environment."
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What determines the lower limit of organisms in each zone?
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Biological Interactions
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"You won't last long where your predator is."
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What are the five physical conditions limiting an organism's living zone?
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1- Wave exposure (the degree of sheltering from surf)
2 - Tidal range (Waves can bring nutrients as well as knock organisms off substrate) 3 - Heat & cold (temperature changes are more extreme above water) 4 - Substrate (Different types support different communities) 5 - Available space (Organisms need a place to live) |
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What are the three biological interactions limiting an organism's living zone?
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1 - Predation
2 - Adaptation (Physiological and morphological ways to deal with physical challenges) 3 - Competition for (desired and/or needed) space |
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Substrate mud/sand supports what kind of organisms?
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Those able to live in turbid (full of mud/sand) waters.
- In sand/mud, species diversity is moderate and abundances are low. |
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Substrate cobbles support what kind of organisms?
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Those able to resist the action of colliding cobbles in the
surf. Diversity and abundances are low. |
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Of rock, cobbles, and sand/mud, which supports the highest diversity and abundance of organisms and why?
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Rock
- The specific community is determined by the rock’s variable texture and degree of hardness. |
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This lab focuses its attention on the intertidal zone of where?
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The Pacific Coast of North America
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It's near the USA.
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The coastline of west N.America is especially diverse for what three reasons?
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1 - Intense coastal upwelling of nutrient-rich bottom waters
2 - almost complete freedom from winter sea ice 3 - Algae is able to grow easily & support invertebrate herbivores b/c small diversity of herbivorous fish |
1 - What does an upwelling usually do?
2 - What does the CA Current bring with it? 3 - Small # of plant-eating fish means what? |
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Macroalgae are also known as ?
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Seaweed
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Nori
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4 traits of macroalgae:
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1 - Photoautotrophic
2 - Unicellular or multicellular 3 - Aquatic 4 - Eukaryotes (have a membrane-bound nucleus & cell-components) |
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Macroalgae ARE NOT:
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Plants
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No specialized tissues meaning?
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Basic Macroalgae Structure:
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Blade
Gas Bladder (Pneumatocyst) Stipe Holdfast |
4 main parts similar in look but NOT AT ALL THE SAME to plants' leaf, stem, root
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3 major types of macroalgae?
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- Green algae (Chlorophyta)
- Brown algae (Phaeophyta) - Red algae (Rhodophyta) |
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3 big features about chlorophyta:
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- Gave rise to terrestrial plants
- Can overgrow & kill coral reefs - Cell walls made of cellulose |
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3 big features about phaeophyta:
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- Most structurally complex of all seaweeds
- Largest of all algal species - Largest component of "kelp forests" (~800 distinct species) |
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3 big features about rhodophyta:
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- Some species are parasitic
- Is best at absorbing light in deep water (blue light penetrates the best) - Uses CaCO3 to support its structure & secretes it as well to support coral reefs |
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4 tides occur every period of how many hours?
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24 hrs
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3 most common ways of avoiding desiccation:
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1 - Shells (hold water)
2 - Cover self in slimy mucus barrier 3 - Stay near water (tide pools, etc.) |
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4 most common ways of attachment to substrates:
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1 - vacuum suction w/ mucus
2 - holdfasts via threads or clamping shells 3 - Boring into rocks to hide from waves 4 - Hiding in crevices |
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In lower intertidal vs. upper intertidal: Type of Organism difference?
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- Upper: more shelled organisms
- Lower: more soft-bellied organisms |
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Typical Vertical Distribution of Zones in Rocky intertidal zone
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Supratidal
Upper Intertidal: (Highest High, Lowest High) MIddle Intertidal: (Lowest High, Highest Low) Lower Intertidal: (Highest Low, Lowest Low) |
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