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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Isostasy
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Equal Equilibrium
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Theory of Isostasy states?
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Blocks of rigid lithosphere are "floating" in isostatic equilibrium on the asthenosphere.
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Has to do with why the solid lithosphere does not sink completely into asthenosphere
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Basic Chemical Composition of the Earth (from less dense to more dense)
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1 - Crust
2 - Mantle 3 - Outer Core 4 - Inner Core |
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2 subdivisions of the Crust, including identity of the type of rock that it is composed of, its thickness, and its density:
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a) Continental, Granite, 30-70km, 2.8 g/cm^3
b) Oceanic, Basalt, 5-8km, 3.0 g/cm^3 |
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Density of the Mantle
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Density: 3.3 g/cm^3
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Lower Limit Density of the Core
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10 g/cm^3
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Basic Physical Properties of the Earth (from less dense to more dense)
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1 - Lithosphere
2 - Asthenosphere 3- Mesosphere 4 - Outer Core 5 - Inner Core |
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Physical Make-up of Lithosphere (Location-wise and rigid/plastic) & Thickness
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Cool, Rigid (Crust & Upper Mantle)
100 km from surface |
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Physical Make-up of Asthenosphere (Location-wise and rigid/plastic) & Thickness
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Plastic (Remaining Lower Part of Upper Mantle)
700 km from surface |
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Physical Make-up of Mesosphere (Location-wise and rigid/plastic) & Thickness
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Rigid (Rest of Mantle)
2900 km from surface |
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Physical Make-up of Outer Core (Location-wise and rigid/plastic) & Thickness
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Liquid
5155 km from surface |
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Physical Make-up of Inner Core (Location-wise and rigid/plastic) & Thickness
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Rigid
6371 km from surface |
Planetary Radius
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Earth's surface made of 2 things:
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1 - Ocean basins
2 - Continents |
Land above water & land underwater
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What is the submerged continental mass located (depth-wise) between the shore of a continent and the ocean floor?
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Continental Margin
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What is a continental margin generally made of?
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Continental Shelf
Shelf Break Continental Slope Continental Rise |
4 different zones
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Why do mountain ranges on land stand high?
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Very thick and because made of continental crust, has low density
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Think about density
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Why do mountain ranges on the ocean floor stand high?
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Lithosphere is hot and thus, has lower density that the lithosphere of deeper ocean basins
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Think about density
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What is the Continental Shelf?
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Gently sloped (0.1 degrees) & extends from shore to continental shelf
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First part of a continental margin (with respect to the continent)
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Where is the Shelf Break?
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About 140 m depth
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Second part of a continental margin (with respect to the continent)
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What is the Continental Slope?
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Steeply sloped (4 degrees) seaward (down towards the sea)
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Third part of a continental margin (with respect to the continent)
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What is the Continental Rise?
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Gently sloped (0.2 degrees) & extends from base of continental slope to the ocean floor. Sediment collects here.
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Final part of a continental margin (with respect to the continent)
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Passive Margins are also known as: ?
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Atlantic-style margins
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Where are they mostly found?
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Passive Margins:
- Plate Boundary? - Tectonic Activity? - Example of one? |
- No
- Low degree - Continental Margins |
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Active Margins are also known as: ?
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Pacific-style margins
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Where are they mostly found?
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Active Continental Margins:
- Tectonic Activity? - Special Continental Features? |
- High degree of tectonic activty
- Continental Shelf is smaller (NOT the peak of the mtn!!) - Continental Slope leads abruptly into an oceanic trench |
Think of the model of a volcano
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Deepest Parts of the Ocean Floor?
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Oceanic Trenches
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What are turbidity currents?
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Short lived, gravity-induced currents made of of sediment and water
that flows downstream to more dense areas (hence downward) - Does not have to originate near ocean |
Partly comprised of a substance transported down the continental slope and rise
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How is terrigenous sediment primarily transported to the ocean floor from shallow waters?
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Turbidity currents. Can triggered by earthquakes like the Grand Banks Earthquake.
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Terrigeneous = land-driven
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What are submarine canyons?
- Shape, Locations with regards to continental margins |
Steep-walled, V-shaped valleys found incised into shelves and slopes and open out at depth onto the continental rise.
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They're associated with the mouths of large rivers.
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What relates submarine canyons and turbidity currents?
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The canyons are major conduits for the flow of a turbidity current
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What do submarine fans create?
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They form the continental
rise which also merges with the abyssal plains |
With regards to continental margins
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What are fan-shaped sediment deposits ?
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Submarine Fans
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What three topological features make up the ocean floor?
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1 - Mid-Ocean Ridge and Rise System
2 - Abyssal Hills 3 - Abyssal Plains |
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