Espm 114 Lec 3

Front 1

How is body heat regulated?

Back 1

(1) dissipation when body is hot (2) conserving, collecting and/or generating heat when body is cold

Front 2

What are the two types of wildlife from a thermoregulation perspective?

Back 2

(1) Homeotherms (endotherms-- "entirely warm) (2) Poikilotherms (ectotherms)

Front 3

what is homeotherms (endotherms)?

Back 3

Warm blooded mamals. Such as bird, mammals **Internal heat is created through metabolism allowing us to maintain a static or set temperature dispite wat's going on around us

Front 4

Poikilotherms (ectotherms)

Back 4

Cold blooded animal such as reptiles **rely on external heat (heat from the environment) to maintain body temperature

Front 5

What about fish (tuna) are they ectotherms or endotherms?

Back 5

endothermic Ex: tuna --- moves constanly (swimming/bending ) metabolism is able to generate heat that keeps its body maintain at a stable temperatue

Front 6

what is the benifit of maintaining a higher temperature?

Back 6

higher temperature-- better immune response, faster muscle twitch (faster reactions)

Front 7

How do homeotherms regulate thermal regulation? (3 things)

Back 7

Chemical--- metabolic breakdown of proteins, fats, carbs from food to produce energy in the form of heat **physical-- insulationInsulation helps maintain human comfort by blocking heat flow. ... A good insulation (reduced heat flow from warm areas to cold areas), dissipationthe (process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature), shivering, panting, sweating, hibernating/tapor ***Behavioral-- micro-habitat use (shading, heliothermy (animal w/ thermal sensor--ex: bird has wing that are like solar panel), shelter, commual roosting (animal gathering in a group)

Front 8

Framework (grapth): Region of homeothermy--- what does the graph tell you?

Back 8

how animal (endotherms) deal physiologically w/ temperature.**(lec) range over which an animal can maintain its body temp.

Front 9

what are the four regions of hemeothermy? (from cold to hot)

Back 9

Lower lethal temperature (LLT), Basal metabolic rate (BMR), lower critical temperature, Upper-critical temeperature, Thermoneutral zone (TNZ), Upper lethal temperature (ULT)

Front 10

lower lethal temperature

Back 10

the point wher the body can no longer create enough heat, where you will die. **the conditions of which the temp. becomes lethal for the organism (Freezing)

Front 11

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Back 11

the rate at which your internal roter is running while you're resting **Body doesnt need to respond **ex: sleeping while burning calories, or in a normal rm temp wher u are sweating but your friend is not.

Front 12

Lower-critical temperature

Back 12

the point where your body has to start working to warm you up

Front 13

upper-critcal temperature

Back 13

the point where your body has to start working to cool you down

Front 14

what are the four physical processes of heat transfer

Back 14

(1) radiation (2) conduction (3) convection (4) evaporation

Front 15

radiation

Back 15

heat loss or gain through the air

Front 16

conduction

Back 16

heat loss or gain through direct contact w/ a warmer or colder area surface

Front 17

convection

Back 17

heat loss when cooler wind passes a body and pulls heat away

Front 18

Evaporation

Back 18

heat loss as water vaporizes on skin (aided by convection) **ex: sweating is a form of heat evaporation

Front 19

[Body size relative to thermal regulation] smaller body = smaller body surface area to volume which means

Back 19

animals with larger surface area are more relative to heat loss

Front 20

what is bergman's rule?

Back 20

individuals of the same species will be smaller in warmer climates, larger in colder climates

Front 21

Allen's rule:

Back 21

animal in colder climates have smaller extremities (smaller apendages e.g smaller ear, tail, etc) and vice versa **special struture: modified extremities to enhance dissipation

Front 22

[Special structures for heat retention (or dissipation)] when animal has the ability or appendages to reteain or dissipate heat what is that called? ex:Warm arterial blood from heart passes immediately adjacent to cooler venous blood returning from extremities, conduction (and thereby conserving) heat before blood reaches extremities

Back 22

counter-current heating and cooling (or counter-current thermoregulation)

Front 23

Other adaptations for heat regulation: Fur and Feathers what do they do?

Back 23

create dead-air space, reducing convective heat loss (cause by cold hair)

Front 24

Other adaptations for heat regulation: coloration? how?

Back 24

white fur and feathers in cold climates, black in hot

Front 25

why polar bear has white fur in cold climate?

Back 25

its actually not white. its clear (clear prism fur that traps light, create a dead air space for heat)