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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enterococcus faecium General |
Gram positive coccus, often occur in pairs, facultative anaerobic bacteria, part of the normal gut flora, in the phylum firmicute |
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Enterococcus faecium Diseases |
Post-surgery nosocomial infections, neonatal meningitis, endocarditis |
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Enterococcus faecium Virulence Factors |
Hemolysin toxin that lyses red blood cells, gelatinase toxin hydrolyzes peptides |
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Enterococcus faecium Antibiotic Info |
Vancomycin resistant e faecium is a serious problem that can be treated with an antibiotic cocktail of Quinupristin and Dalfopristin which inhibits protein synthesis |
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Staphylococcus aureus General |
Gram positive coccus, that often occur in clusters, facultative anaerobic bacterium, part of normal skin and respiratory tract flora, in the phylum firmicute |
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Staphylococcus aureus Diseases |
Common cause of skin infections, a major concern of nosocomial and community-acquired infections; serious infections can lead to bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis and septic shock |
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Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors |
Encodes a transpeptidase that has a low affinity of binding beta lactams, an alpha toxin which forms pores in host cells, a beta toxin that damages lipid membranes |
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Staphylococcus aureus Antibiotic Info |
Methicillin-resistant s aureus and vancomycin-resistant s aureus is a serious problem, try to treat with combination of beta lactam and gentamycin or linezolid |
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Klebsiella pneumonia General |
Gram-negative bacillus, non motile, encapsulated, facultative anaerobic bacterium, normal flora of the intestines, in the phylum proteobacteria |
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Klebsiella pneumonia Diseases |
Pneumonia, urinary tract and wound infections, a major concern of nosocomial infections, infections are mostly seen in immunocompromised individuals |
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Klebsiella pneumonia Virulence Factors |
O antigen endotoxin and a capsule that provides protection from the host immune system |
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Klebsiella pneumonia Antibiotic Info |
Beta lactams are typically used to treat infections but carbapenem-resistant k pneumonia is becoming a serious problem |
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Acinetobacter baumannii General |
Gram negative coccobacillus, non motile bacterium, found in soil and water, in the phylum proteobacteria |
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Acinetobacter baumannii Disease |
An opportunistic pathogen, infects immunocompromised individuals, increasingly important as a nosocomial infection, high occurrence of infections with soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan, can cause pneumonia, meningitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and urinary tract infections |
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Acinetobacter baumannii Virulence Factors |
Biofilm formation provides protection on artificial surfaces such as medical equipment, capsule provides protection against the immune system, outer membrane protein ompA induces host cell death |
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Acinetobacter baumannii Antibiotic Info |
Increasing spread of resistance to carbapenem and other antibiotics, one of the most difficult gram-negative infections to treat due to antibiotic resistance treat with polypeptides |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa General |
Gram-negative aerobic, motile, bacillus bacterium, found in soil and freshwater environments, in the phylum proteobacteria |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Diseases |
An opportunistic pathogen, causes skin infections, urinary tract infections, eye infections, pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Factors |
Forma biofilms on surfaces which provides protection from antibiotics, exotoxin a inhibits protein synthesis, efflux pumps that pump antibiotics out of the bacterium |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibiotic Info |
Treat with polymyxins, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins, efflux pumps allow for multi antibiotic drug resistance |
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Enterobacter cloacae General |
Gram-negative comma facultative anaerobe, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, part of normal gut flora, in the phylum proteobacteria |
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Enterobacter cloacae Diseases |
Urinary tract and respiratory tract infections, increasing nosocomial infections due to contaminated surgical equipment |
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Enterobacter Cloacae Virulence Factors |
Produces a hemolysin that lyses red blood cells and a shiga like toxin |
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Enterobacter cloacae |
Treat with cephalosporins and carbapenems but like the other Eskape pathogens E cloacae is evolving resistance to these and all other antibiotics |
