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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WEATHERING |
-PROCESSES AT OR NEAR EARTHS SURFACE THAT CAUSE ROCKS AND MINERALS TO BREAK DOWN. -IT IS SLOW CHANGES THAT RESULT IN THE BREAKING UP, CRUMBLING AND THE DESTRUCTION OF ANY KIND OF SOLID ROCK. - THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL PROCESS THAT BREAKS UP OR CRUMBLES SOLID ROCK. |
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AGENTS OF WEATHERING |
1. FORMS OF MASS WASTING - EROSION -FLASH FLOODS -MUD SLIDES -LAND SLIDES 2.DISSOLUTION 3.HYDROLYSIS 4.OXIDATION |
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TYPES OF WEATHERING |
1. MECHANICAL WEATHERING 2. CHEMICAL WEATHERING |
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MECHANICAL WEATHERING |
THE PHYSICAL BREAKING UP OF ROCKS WITHOUT ANY CHANGES IN THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION. ( DISINTEGRATION) |
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CHEMICAL WEATHERING |
THE ALTERATION OF MINERALS BY CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITH WATER, GASES OF THE ATMOSPHERE OR SOLUTIONS. (DECOMPOSITION) |
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PROCESSES OF MECHANICAL WEATHERING |
1. FROST WEDGING 2. THERMAL EXPANSION OR CONTRACTION 3. MECHANICAL EXFOLIATION 4. ABRASION BY WIND, WATER OR GRAVITY 5. PLANT GROWTH |
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FROST WEDGING |
CRACKING OF ROCK MASS BY THE EXPANSION OF WATER AS IT FREEZES IN CREVICES OR CRACKS. |
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THERMAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION |
REPEATED HEATING AND COOLING OF MATERIALS CAUSE RIGID SUBSTANCES TO CRACK AND SEPARATE. |
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EXFOLIATION |
AS UNDERLYING ROCK LAYERS AR EXPOSED, THERE IS LESS PRESSURE ON THEM AND THEY EXPAND. THIS CAUSES THE RIGID LAYERS TO CRACK AND SECTIONS TO SLIDE OFF. THE EXPANDING LAYERS OFTEN FORM A DOME. |
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ABRASION |
MOVING SEDIMENTS OR ROCK SECTIONS CAN BREAK OFF PIECES FROM A ROCK SURFACE THEY STRIKE. THE SEDIMENTS CAN BE MOVED BY WIND OR WATER AND THE LARGE ROCK SECTIONS BY GRAVITY. |
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PLANT GROWTH |
AS PLANTS SUCH AS TREES SEND OUT ROOT SYSTEMS, THE FINE ROOTS FIND THEIR WAY INTO CRACKS IN THE ROCKS. AS THE ROOTS INCREASE IN SIZE, THEY FORCE THE ROCK SECTIONS APART, INCREASING THE SEPARATION AND WEATHERING. |
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PROCESSES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING |
1. DISSOLUTION 2.OXIDATION 3.HYDROLYSIS |
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DISSOLUTION |
WATER, OFTEN CONTAINING ACID FROM DISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE, WILL DISSOLVE MINERALS FROM A ROCK BODY LEAVING CAVITIES IN THE ROCK. THESE CAVITIES MAY GENERATE SINKHOLES OR CAVE FEATURES SUCH AS STALACTITES AND STALAGMITES. |
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OXIDATION |
MINERALS MAY COMBINE WITH OXYGEN TO FORM NEW MINERALS THAT ARE NOT AS HARD. FOR EXAMPLE, THE IRON- CONTAINING MINERAL PYRITE FORMS A RUSTY-COLORED MINERAL CALLED LIMONITE. |
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HYDROLYSIS |
MINERALS MAY CHEMICALLY COMBINE WITH WATER TO FORM NEW MINERALS; AGAIN, THESE ARE GENERALLY NOT AS HARD AS THE ORIGINAL MATERIAL. |
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OTHER FACTORS IN CHEMICAL WEATHERING |
CLIMATE PLANTS AND ANIMALS TIME MINERAL COMPOSITION |
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CLIMATE |
WET AND WARM MAXIMIZES CHEMICAL REACTIONS |
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PLANTS AND ANIMALS |
LIVING ORGANISMS SECRETE SUBSTANCES THAT REACT WITH ROCK |
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TIME |
THE LONGER CONTACT MEANS GREATER CHANGE |
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MINERAL COMPOSITION |
SOME MINERALS ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO CHANGE THAN OTHERS. |
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WHY IS WEATHERING AN AID IN THE FORMATION OF ROCKS ESPECIALLY IN THE ROCK CYCLE? |
WEATHERING IS IMPT. IN THE ROCK CYCLE BEC. IT PRODUCES SEDIMENT, THE RAW MATERIAL FOR NEW ROCKS. IT IS IMPORTANT IN THE FORMATION OF SOILS BECAUSE SOIL IS AN ACCUMULATION OF ROCK FRAGMENTS AND ORGANIC MATTER. WEATHERING IS ALSO IMPT. BEC. IT REDUCES THE SIZE OF ROCK PARTICLES, PREPARING THE ROCK MATERIALS FOR TRANSPORT BY WIND OR MOVING WATER. |
