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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is an important factor leading to dry conditions in the Dry, Arid regions?
a. tropical cyclones b. ITCZ c. polar jet stream d. subtropical high pressure systems e. Mid-latitude cyclones |
D
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___________ is sediment deposited by a stream.
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Alluvium
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What is the slowest form of mass wasting?
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Soil creep
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What is the generic name for the type of lake formed due to the straightening of a meandering stream?
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Oxbow lake
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_________ refers to stream related processes.
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Fluvial
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________ is the upper limit of the water that collects in the zone of saturation.
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Water table
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A/An___________ well is a well in which water from a confined aquifer rises to the surface through natural pressure.
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Artesian
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This is a cavity in rock, produced by the dissolution of calcium carbonate and is large enough for a human to enter.
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A cave
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Which of the following differentiates a tropical rainforest from a tropical savannah?
a. persistence of wind b. population of humans c. size of animals d. amount of precipitation e. size of nearby bodies of water |
Amount of precipitation
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Which type of soil listed below contains the most water?
a. hygroscopic b. gravitational c. capillary |
Gravitational
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The process whereby loose rock debris is cemented and compacted to form rock is called:
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Lithification
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Intrusive felsic rocks include...
a. gabbro b. andesite c. granite d. rhyolite e. basalt |
Granite
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The part of the continental margin that extends from the lower water point seaward until the seafloor drops steeply is the...
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Continental shelf
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The Earth’s plates move around on the Earth because they float on the:
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Asthenosphere
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The process by which one lithospheric plate is forced beneath another is:
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Subduction
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The solid iron and nickel inside the Earth forms its...
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Inner Core
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Magma cools to form...
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Intrusive sedimentary rock
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The spreading apart of the Earth’s crust by magma rising between fractures in the Earth’s plates is:
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Rifting
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The two most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust are...
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Silicon and oxygen
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Dinosaurs lived during the:
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Mesozoic
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The minor plate off of the coast of Washington and Oregon is the:
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Juan de Fuca
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The dominant mineral in limestone is...
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Calcite
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The amount of the Earth covered by oceans is about:
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71%
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Oceanic crust is most like the rock...
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Basalt
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The shape of the Earth’s surface is BEST called...
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Topography
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Rank the following from largest to smallest: Eras, periods, epochs, eons
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eons, eras, periods, epochs
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Metamorphic means:
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to change
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A mass-wasting process in which rocks break free from cliff faces and rapidly tumble into the valley below is a:
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Rockfall
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The precipitation by rain, fog, or snow of strong mineral acids primarily sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxides is:
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Acid rain
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Expansion and contraction of water in rock cracks due to freezing and thawing is:
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frost wedging
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The process of reducing overall relief and smoothing the landscape over a long period of time is called:
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Weathering
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Karst topography is most closely associated with limestone deposits that contain more than _____ calcium carbonate.
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80%
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A form of physical weathering in which sheets of rock flake away due to seasonal temperature changes or by the expansion of the rock due to unloading is:
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Exfoliation
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The two kinds of weathering are:
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Mechanical and chemical
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When water percolates down from Earth’s surface, it first passes through the:
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Unsaturated zone
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Water held tightly to sediment grains is called:
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Hygroscopic water
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When pore spaces become completely filled with water, the soil is considered to be at __________ capacity.
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Field
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When the pore spaces between sediment become too small and do not allow water to pass through, the sediment is said to be:
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Impermeable
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A geological formation that contains a suitable amount of water to be accessed for human use.
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Aquifer
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Explain scientific reasoning for continental drift. Who proposed it?
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-found fossils of the same animals on different continents
-found the same rock types on different continents -found matching glacial patters on "" Wegener proposed continental drift. |
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What is seafloor spreading?
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seafloor moves away from mid oceanic ridge due to mantle convection
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What theory combines continental drift, seafloor spreading, and geomagnetism?
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Plate tectonics
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What does the theory of plate tectonics say?
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Earth's surface is composed of a few large, thick plates that move slowly and change in size. Intense geologic activity is concentrated at plate boundaries, where plates move away, toward, or slip past each other.
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What are divergent plate boundaries? Where can they occur? What are they marked by?
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Divergent plate boundaries are where the plates move away from each other. They can occur in the middle of the ocean or within a continent. They are marked by rifting, basaltic volcanism, and eventual ridge uplift.
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What are transform boundaries? What are the three things they can connect?
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Plates slide past each other horizontally. They may connect two offset segments of mid-oceanic ridge, a mid-oceanic ridge and a trench, or two trenches.
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What are convergent boundaries? What are the three types?
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Convergent boundaries move towards each other. The three types are ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, and continent-continent.
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What is ocean-ocean convergence? What are they marked by?
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More dense (older/colder) plate subducts underneath less dense plate. Marked by ocean trench, Benioff zone, and volcanic island arch.
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What is ocean-continent convergence? What is it marked by?
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More dense (older/colder) plate subducts underneath less dense plate. Marked by ocean trench, Benioff zone, volcanic arc, and mountain belt.
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What is continent-continent plate convergence marked by?
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Mountain belts and thrust faults
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In an environment with an average of 25cm (10in) of annual precipitation and an average annual temperature of -12*C (10*F), which type of weathering is most likely?
a) Strong chemical weathering b) Moderate chemical weathering w/ frost action c) Moderate physical weathering d) Very little weathering e) No such process |
C
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What is mass wasting?
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Large volumes of sediment moving down hill slopes under force of gravity
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Describe how precipitation becomes groundwater.
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Precipitation sinks into soil’s soil-water belt. In dry soil, water is held tight by sediment grains as hygroscopic water (unavailable for plants). When pore spaces within soil full of water, soil at field capacity - additional water flows down into unsaturated zone. Water collects above an impermeable aquiclude to form saturated zone. Large saturated zone is aquifer
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How are caves formed?
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Form just below water table - when water table falls, empty caverns are exposed.
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