Erikson's Theory Of Psychosocial Development

Front 1

Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust

Back 1

(Infancy) A positive relationship with one's primary caretaker during infancy results in a sense of trust and optimism

Front 2

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Back 2

(Toddlerhood): Sense of self (autonomy) develops out of positive interactions with one's parents or other caregivers

Front 3

Initiative vs Guilt

Back 3

(early childhood) Favorable relationships with family members result in an ability to set goals and devise and carry out plans without infringing on the rights of others

Front 4

Industry vs. Inferiority

Back 4

(school age) The most important influences at this stage are people in the neighbourhood and the school. To avoid feelings of inferiority, the school-age child must master certain social and academic skills.

Front 5

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Back 5

(adolescence) Peers are the dominant social influence in adolescence. A positive outcome is reflected in a sense of personal identity and a direction for the future.

Front 6

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Back 6

(young adulthood): The main task during early adulthood is the establishment of intimate bonds of love and friendship. If such bonds are not achieved, self-absorption and isolation will result

Front 7

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Back 7

(middle adulthood): The people one lives with and works with are most important during this stage. A generative person exhibits commitment to the well-being of future generations.

Front 8

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Back 8

(maturation/old age): In this final stage, social influence broadens to include all of 'humankind'. The development of wisdom (and informed detached concern with life in the face of death) and a sense of integrity require coming to terms with one's limitations and mortality.