Ergo Test 1 Part 2

Front 1

Ontology

Back 1

Theories about what exists:

-Monism: Materialism- the world is made up of one type of stuff.

-Dualism:Mind(nonphysical) Matter/Body(physical)

Front 2

Epistemology:

Back 2

Theories about how things can be known:

-Nativism Knowledge is inherited.

-Empiricism Knowledge is learned

-Rationalism Knowledge comes through reason.

All above are enrichment theories of perception. Mind adds order to the senses.

Front 3

Dualism

Back 3

Mind (nonphysical) - Body (Physical)

Front 4

Descartes(1625)

Back 4

Mind - Body Dualism

Given only direct awareness of the state of the body, the world can only be known through reasoning.

--Perception of the world is indirect.

Front 5

Johannes Muller (1826)

Back 5

• Perception is states of nerves, not of things of the world.

Front 6

Theory of Specific Nerve Energies

Back 6

• Sensation depends on what particular nerves are stimulated.
  
• Stimulate smell -> smell something
• Stimulate light -> see light

Front 7

Empiricism

Back 7

An enrichment theory:

Mental contributions to perception are learned.

Front 8

John Locke(1690)

Back 8

Experiences -> Memories

Sensations + Memories -> Perceptions

Front 9

Cue theory

Back 9

Cues are used to construct a copy of the world using an additive (weighted) model.l

Front 10

Problem of perception (3 Problems)

Back 10

1. External (Physical) Problem
   
2. Internal (Physiological) Problem
3. Psychological problem

Front 11

The External (Physical) Problem

Back 11

What are the necessary physical (environmental) conditions for having a percept?

-Relationship between animal and environment (ecological problem)

Front 12

The Internal (Physiological) Problem

Back 12

What is the relationship between the proximal and distal stimuli?

What is the relationship between the proximal stimulus and events in the sensory nerves?

Front 13

The Psychological Problem

Back 13

What is the relation between physiology (eg, proximal stimulus and brain states) and the perception?