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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Optic Flow |
Transformations of the optic array. -these are lawful Reveals invariants Not arbitrary but lawful! |
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Global Optic Flow |
Invariant specifying self motion |
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Local Optic Flow |
Invariant specifying object motion
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Lee's (1974) Moving room: |
Does the medium allow for direct contact? You can "push someone over with light" |
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Direct Perception: |
Organisms use information and minimize inferences -evolve simple solutions to what appear to be complex perceptual problems. -e.g. Centering behavior in bees. -- No need for a copy, simply equalizes the optical flow of each wall |
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Optic Flow Distortion |
Large FOV & Compress on virtual screen. -Increase info, but also increases distortion |
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Smart Perceptual Mechanisms |
Runeson (1977) Higher-order parameters can be picked up directly. -e.g. Area is a higher order parameter e.g. Polar Planimeter Don't assume that perceptual systems measure things the way scientists do!! |
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Naive Realism |
Knowledge of the world is total and perfect, things appear exactly as they are. |
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Direct Realism |
Perception is a function of information. Since information is a function of the laws of nature, perception is only as accurate as the laws of nature allow. |
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Time to Contact |
Distance / Velocity = time to contact ~100 miles / 50 mph = 2 hrs There is information about time to contact in the ambient array. e.g. Looming |
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Looming |
Provides info regarding time to contact. -Aspects of scale are not preserved bus timing is! Relative rate of expansion at a given point. The inverse of the RoE specifies Time to Contact |
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Todd (1981) |
Forced-choice procedure: -Indicate which square you'll hit first -Judged with 90% accuracy |
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Landing Helicopters |
Maintain constant ROE -> Constant Deceleration -Distance and velocity reach 0 at same time. Constant velocity -> no deceleration -> crash |
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Laparoscopic Surgery |
Haptic "distance-to-break" inspired by optical t-t-c |
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Bingham & Stassen & Pagano |
Distance can be perceived from t-t-c |
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Grutzmacher's (2000) thesis |
Estemations of ttc decreased as observer motion increased. |
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Cue Theory & Optic Flow |
Are cues simply replaced by invariants? -e.g. bees centering behavior At least the correlational / rule-based nature of cues has been replaced by lawful information there is no simulative assumption, destructive mapping, etc?? |
