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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
Ordovician Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian |
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Mesozoic eras
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Triassic
Jurassic Cretaceous |
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Ordovician
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First vertebrates
Sea serpents 2 m long 60% of all species disappeared |
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Silurian
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First land animals like millipedes
First jawed fishes First appearance of higher plant, Cooksonia |
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Devonian
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First insects, First sharks, First trees and forests
Ray-finned fishes exploded! SO MANY Lobefinned fishes First land amphibians Mass extinction of marine mammals |
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Carboniferous
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Dragonflies with 70 cm wing spans
More O2 in air, allowed species to GROW Anthracosaurs: amphibians that gave rise to birds, reptiles, and mammals. First reptiles |
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Permian
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Not much happened, other than
HUGE MASS EXTINCTION 70% of terrestrial species went extinct Asteroid? Increased volcanology? |
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Mesozoic
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Cotylosaurs (Stem reptiles)
Terapsida (mammal like reptile, gave rise to mammals) Thecodontia(gave rise to dinosaurs) 1st birds |
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Luis Alvarez
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Found iridium signature 65 mya
very uncommon on earth, common in meteors Found 125 mile wide crater in Yucatan |
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
Quarternary |
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Tertiary
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In Cenozoic
All animals small Mesonychid: predators large as Trex Andrewsarchus – 16 feet long! Ancestors to whales Ambulocetus (walking whale) paddle fore/hind limbs Rodhocetus – forelimb (fin) hindlimb shrinks Basilosaurus: very similar to whales, forelimb gone |
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Quarternary
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2 mya-present
9 species of human Homo habilus - tool user homo erectus - left africa homo heanderthalensis -230-130 mya went extinct homo sapiens - 130,000 start at africa, go up to europe 40k Out of Africa model, cro magnum man first HS in America 13000 yrs ago |
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Brian Sykes
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7 daugthers of Eve
used mitochrondrial DNA Used huge sample 6grade in England established human origin 170 kya dated out of africa, time of origin only 7 different kinds of mtDNA from these kids,always maternal inheritance Can trace out of Africa migration to 7 females |
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Protandry v. Protogyny
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Protandry: Male first, then female
Protogyny: Female first, then male |
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Internal Fertilization
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Facilitates extended parental care
Increased probability of fertilization Parental investment per egg high |
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External Fertilization
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Reduced parental care
Lower fertilization success Multiple partners • VARIABILITY of OFFPSRING Most species in ocean with external fertilization have LONG DISPERSAL • Large geographic range • Species with internal fertilization, less dispersal, thus smaller ranges • Bushier phylogeny o Allopatric speciation |
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Last Male Advantage
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Be the last male for your female
• Spiny-headed worm (acanthocephalan) o They mate with females, then cement them shut: no more males o Also try to mate with males, then cement them shut • Damselflies o Scoops out sperm if there are any in female, then has sex • Onychophora o Guys lay spermatophores on forest floor, females stand over, acidicly burn into her body, sperm go into her |
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Complex Life Cycles
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Complex life cycles:
• Marine organisms and some insects Egg-----Larva(immature)----Adult Larva and and adults are separate organisms |
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Biogeography
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Chardonnay now grown all over the world
Strong convergence! morphology similar but different species! |
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Ecological Equivalents
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Independent evolution:
Kangaroos and buffalo (grazers) Tasmanian devil and wolverine Sugar glider and flying squirrels Australian mole and moles Australian mice (marsup) and mice |
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Alfred Russel Wallace
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First great biogeographer
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Ring Species
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Salamanders in California
7 different types, all interbreed except two at ends. |
