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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Seminiferous tubles
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Head of Epididymis
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Body of Epididymis
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Efferent duct!
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Tail of Epididymis
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Vaginal tunic
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Vas deferens duct!
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Cremaster muscle!
Thermal Regulation |
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Vaginal tunic
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Pampiniform plexus!
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Tail of epididymis
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Head of epididymis
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Vas deferens duct, cut
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Testis
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Cervix and cervical orifice.
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hymen
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Clitoris
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Bladder
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Vulva
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Vestibular orifice of vagina!
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Clitoris
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Labium
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Vagina
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Body of Uterus
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Ovi-duct
Fallopian tube |
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Left ovary
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Left and Right horns of Uterus
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Right ovary
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Broad ligament
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Graafian follicle
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Uterine end of ovary
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Ovum!
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Tertiary follicles
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Tubal end of ovary
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Rectum
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Vagina
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Cervix
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Kidney
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Broad ligament
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infidibulum
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Tube part.
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Oviduct
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Ovary
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Right uterine horn!
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Body of Uterus
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Mammary gland
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Bladder
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What is the fear of horses called?
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Equinophobia
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How far away can a stallion smell a mare in heat?
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780 yards away!
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What is a measure of sexual behavior and willingness to breed?
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Libido
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What can continual punishment of sexual behavior lead to?
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Low libido and decreased semen quality.
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What does a stallion typically do when presented a mare?
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Restlessness, pawing, striking.
Vocalization Precopulatory activity: sniffing, licking, nipping. Flehmen response Erection within about 2 min. |
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How soon is a stallion ready to breed after achieving an erection?
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5-10 seconds.
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How long does the entire breeding process typically take?
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2-5 minutes
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What is the behavior after ejaculation?
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Sedate and relaxed.
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What is anestrus?
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Means they have estrus seasonally. In horses the winter time is off season.
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What is Diestrus?
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The period in estrus that is not in heat.
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What is estrous?
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Estrous refers to the entire cycle.
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What is estrus?
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When the mare is in heat. A state of sexual excitability when the female accepts the male.
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Which is the dominate sex in horses?
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Females.
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When are mares mature enough to breed?
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By the age of 2.
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What is the oval structure inside the scrotum that contain all necessary structures for sperm production?
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Testis
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What is the anatomical structure that develops and stores sperm?
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Testicle
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What is the stallions reproductive organ?
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Penis
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What is the skin that covers the penis when it is not erect?
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Sheath
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What is the pouch of skin that encloses and supports the testis?
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Scrotum
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What is the fluid that is expelled from the penis prior to ejactulation?
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Pre-ejaculate
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What is the type of fluid expelled typically at the end of an ejaculation. (acts like a seal over the cervix.)
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Gel
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What is located inside the stallion if they have only one descended testicle?
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A crypt orchid.
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What is the hormone called that causes secondary sex characteristics in males?
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Testosterone
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What is the cord that divides the scrotum into two distinct pouches?
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Median raphe
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What cells produce testosterone?
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Sertoli and Leydig
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What cells produce proteins needed to carry vitamins and minerals to developing germ cells? Stimulated by FSH!
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Sertoli cells!
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What cells are stimulated by prostaglandins. Produce testosterone, and are greatly effected by age and season.
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Leydig cells.
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What is the total time it takes spermatozoa to go from the seminiferous tubles to mature sperm?
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55 days.
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What three parts are spermatozoa made of?
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Head, Neck, Tail
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How long does the entire estrous cycle take in a mare?
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21 days.
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Mares are seasonally ...?
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polyestrous.
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Anestrous is caused by the secretion of?
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Melatonin.
Melatonin inhibits GnRH |
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What are the five primary reproductive structures in the mare?
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Ovaries, Oviducts, Uterus, Vagina, and Vulva.
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What is the only area on the ovary where normal ovulation can occur called?
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Ovulation fossa
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What is GnRH?
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Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone!
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What is the female hormone of sexual behavior?
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Estrogen
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What does FSH stand for?
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone
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What does LH stand for?
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Luteinizing Hormone
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What is the hormone of pregnancy?
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Progesterone
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What is the hormone that regresses the Corpus Luteum?
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Prostaglandin
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What does CL stand for?
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Corpus Luteum
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What does CH stand for?
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Corpus Hemorrhagicum
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The diestrus phase is also called the?
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luteal phase
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What is the cavity left on the ovary that fills with blood called?
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Corpus Hemorrhagicum
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A CH (Corpus Hemorrhagicum) develops into?
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A CL (Corpus Luteum).
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If no pregnancy occurs what does the uterus secret that causes regression in the CL?
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Prostaglandin
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What is the scar called from ovulation at the very end?
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Corpus Albicans (CA)
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List the entire hormonal cycle by chemical in a mare!
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1. More Sunlight Hours - Decrease Melatonin
2. Decreased Melatonin - Increases GnRH 3. Increased GnRH - Increases FSH 4. FSH stimulates Ovarian follicles 5. Graafian follicle increases estrogen. (Sometimes Inhibin - restarts cycle) 6. Small amount of LH, reduces small follicles and ovulation. 7. Ovulation causes corpus luteum. 8. Corpus Luteum secretes Progesteron If not pregnant - PGF2a - Prostoglandin to restart cycle. |
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What is secreted to reduce the corpus luteum if not pregnant to start the cycle over?
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Prostaglandin.
PGF2a |
