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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disease Management and control |
Hygeine prevention vaccination veterinary surveillance knowledge of endemic disease |
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Notifiable disease (equine) - Exotic |
EXOTIC: - Equine infectious anaemia - Rabies - West Nile Virus - African horse sickness
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Notifiable disease (equine) Endemic |
ENDEMIC - Contagious equine metritis - Strep Equi Equi - Equine viral arteritis |
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New disease, carried in fruit bats in Aus. Fatal to humans if in contact with urine or placental fluids. Many horse deaths. Neuro disease |
Hendra Virus |
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Role of vets in Control of infectious disease outbreaks |
1. Vacc protocol 2. animals not exposed to pathogen, PPE 3. certify health status accuratley 4. up to date with vet surveillance
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Biosecurity risk of equine infectious Gastro-intestinal disease |
- Leahurst do not accept suspect cases unless isolation stable free - V detrimental to horses - GI upset serious - V contagious - Hard to keep isolated with simple barrier nursing |
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Infectious colitis has many potential infectious causes |
Salmonella enterica Rotavirus C. perfringens C. difficile |
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Salmonella enterica causes what type of colitis |
Acute fibrinonecrotic colitis |
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Salmonella - characteristics |
Host suffers when stressed and antibiotic txGram neg facultative anaerobe 2000 serovars flagella and pili adhesion invasion genes - interiorized 3 x exo toxins effect cAMP endotoxaemia |
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C. perfringens and C. difficile |
Gram + Anaeorobes, haemolytic spore forming & hardy ELISA/PCR to tell diff toxins C. perf = non-motile, toxin A C. Diff = motile, toxin b-2 (horses) and toxin A (toxic to mphage) |
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Rotavirus |
foals, under 2mo stres induced and stressed adults may shed virkon will kill VP4 coating infect apices of villi
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Bacterial causes of dermatological disease in horses |
Strep. equi equi Strep zooepidemicus Staph A Staph intermedius MRSA Dermatophilosis |
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Fungal causes of derm disease |
Dermatophysosis - ringworm
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Viral causes of derm disease |
Viral papilloma - grass warts Pinnal acanthosis Coital exenthema - EHV-3 Horse Pox Papular dermatosis |
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Sarcoids have 6 presentations |
1. Occult 2. Verrucose 3. Nodular 4. Fibroblastic 5. Mixed 6. Malignant |
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Strep Equi zooepidemicus Stre equi equi |
opp path obl path, strangles - gram +, fac anaerobe, M-protein = anti pcytic |
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Staph A Staph I |
painful, abscesses focal and diffuse exudative pyoderma and pastern folliculitis (mud fever) RESISTANT to penicillin, duh
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Dermatophilosis |
common, contagious, rain scald. Get dry, and clean, peel off scabs and wash - chlorhexadine |
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Dermatophysosis |
ringworm contagious and common, self limiting 5-10wks 2wk incubation topical shampoos if want
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Grass wart |
self limiting viral papilloma
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Aural plaques |
pinnal acanthosis blackfly vector never rid of no need to tx, will make worse
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Coital exanthema |
EHV-3 solid immunity after infection venereal may ulcerate so antimicrobial wash stop breeding until healed 3wks incubation 1 wk |
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Sarcoids |
spread by flies f-blast mutation get rid asap avoid homeo tx radiation best biopsy can aggravate |
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Neurological disease - viruses |
Rabies - uncommon in horses. 3 forms West nile virus (arbo) - terminal host = horses/man. can cause multifocal encephalomyeiltis. Seizures in horses are fine mouth movements. Effects pyramidal tract in motor cortex = v small in horses, as control fine movements. EHV-1 - myeloencehalopathy, rare. Ataxia, cauda equina --> flaccid tail, bladder atony. Xanthochromia of CSF. |
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Neuro diseases - bacteria |
strangles --> abscess in brain Bacterial meningitis Clostridial toxins = neuro. Botulism and tetanus - VACCINATE |
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Neuro diseases - protozoa and parasitic |
Protozoa: - Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) Parasite: - Strongylus vulgaris - Trypanosoma |
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Strangles is |
contagious equine rhinopharynitis |
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Strep equi equi host-path interaction |
fomite spread direct (sneezing) recovered animals shed (3-6wks)
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Clinical signs of strangles |
incubation = 3-14d pyrexia mucopurulent discharge SM and RP LN abscesses (d7) dyspnoea --> bastard strangles --> purpura haemorrhagica (t3 hypersens) |
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Tx for strangles |
PCR nasal-pharyngeal swap and culture - 3 x ", for 3 wks = 85% free barrier nurse/isolation disinfect, high temp wash dont use inf field for 2m water (4wks), wood (8wks) carry - 40mths
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Rhodococcus equi |
- foals - supperative bronchopneumonia - chronic and acute - gram + cocci - soil/commensal GIT bact - coprophagy, poor - - -- grass cover - multiplies in alv mhages, destroys alveoli and then peyers patches as spreads. |
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What is hyper-immune plasma |
Ab for selected Ag and virulence factors from another horse, injected into foal short term immunity before exposure 500ml, pregnant mare, birth and 21do
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Viral respiratory diseases |
Eq viral arteritis African horse sickness Equine Rhinovirus EHV 1 EHV 2 Adenovirus Influenza |
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Eq viral arteritis |
ss, RNA venereal and inhaled notifiable stallions only - Needs testost oedema, oral papules, vascular inflam incubation 3-14d np swap, buffy coat analysis, serology titres
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African horse sickness |
oedema proteinaceous fluid in ISF seasonal arbovirus endothelial damage 3 forms: pulmonary, cardiac and mixed |
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INfluenza |
H ag helps stick to mucosal surface N helps cell lysis to become intracellular N stops mucociliary esc orthomyxovirus incubation - 24hrs pyrexia, nasal discharge, tachpnoea, coughing 1 week off/day ill quarantine - 2wks
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R0 =? |
= number of cases that passes the disease on. >1 = epidemic; <1 = will stop |
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Flu vaccines = ProteqFlu and Prequenza |
ProteqFlu has 2 x recent strains + 1 x adj Prequenza = old strains and lots of adj
3x vacc req. For dressage, last booster must have been 7d-6mth prev. |
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EHV-1 and EHV-4 are resp diseases |
Trigeminal ganglia Shed 2-3wks Neonate - die; adults - latent EHV-1 stronger and some neuro signs INcubation - 2-10d Oedema, nasal discharge, pyrexia ISolate virus Vacc at 5, 7 and 9mths old
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