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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where are the testes during gestation?
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They start at the caudal poles of the kidneys, suspended cranially by cephalic ligament and caudally by gubernaculum
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What are some physiologic causes of cryptorchidism?
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Improper function of gubernaculum
Altered fetal estradiol Failure of testis to regress in size |
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What is the normal age for castration in horses?
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1-2 years typically
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Possible castration complications?
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Bleeding from spermatic cord or SQ tissues
Eventration/evisceration Scrotal swelling Hydrocele Infection: scirrhous cord, septic funiculitis, champignon |
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What blood tests can help determine if a horse is cryptorchid or already castrated?
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HCG stimulation test
Testosterone levels Estrogen levels |
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What aspect of post op care is different with a cryptorchid castration compared to a standard castration?
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Controlled exercise for 2 weeks after cryptorchid castration
Wait for at least 1-2 months before turning out with mares. |
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What are the three principles of cast application?
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1. Axial and rotational stability maximized with incorporation of joint proximal and distal to affected area
2. Extend cast to most proximal aspect of limb segment to avoid stress concentration in middle of long bone 3. Not rigid fixation |
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Indications for cast application?
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Orthopedic - fractures, stabilize luxation, ALD in foals, anesthetic recovery
Soft tissue - tendon laceration, reduction of granulation tissue, stabilization for wound repair |
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When would you use a half cast?
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P1, P2 fractures (with internal fixation)
Fetlock luxations Lacerations |
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When would you use a full limb cast?
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MCIII/MTIII fracture
Luxation of hock or carpus |
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When would you use a phalangeal cast?
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Heel bulb or pastern lacerations
Hoof wall resections/laceration P3 fracture |
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When would you use a tube cast?
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Angular limb deformities/cuboidal bone hypoplasia (carpus or tarsus)
Carpal arthrodesis Carpal luxation |
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When would you use a transfixation cast?
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Comminuted fractures of P1, P2, or MCIII/MTIII
Breakdown injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joint |
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In what order to you apply the materials for a cast?
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Double stockinette
Orthopedic felt placed around coronary band, top of cast Apply cotton padding Tape Gigly wire medially and laterally Position limb in slight flexion Apply fiberglass casting tape including heel support Apply Elastikon on top of cast Apply a sheet of rubber or PMMA to protect the hoof |
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Complications of cast application?
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Cast failure
Pressure sores Limb laxity following cast removal |
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What should you look for when doing daily checks of the casted limb?
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Strict stall rest
Use of cast limb Palpate for heat Check top of cast for sores, change Elastikon every other day Check toe for wear Check for discharge Monitor for odor |
