Equine Anatomy-Neck

Front 1

1. What is the vertebral formula of the horse?

Back 1

C7 T18 L6 S5 Cd~15

Front 2

2. What is the relationship of the cervical vertebrae to the dorsal midline?

Back 2

It is a gently sloping, backwards "S" type curve.

Front 3

3. What are the anatomical differences of the nuchal ligament in the horse and the dog?

Back 3

Dog(1 part)-from spine of 1st thoracic vertebra to the spine of the axis
Horse (2 parts) Funiculus nuchae(cord-like)-from skull to spines of thoracic vertebrae of the whithers. Lamina nuchae (sheet-like)-from thoracic spines T2-T3 to cervical spines C2-C6

Front 4

4. Where are the bursae located in relation to the nuchal and supraspinous ligaments?

Back 4

NUCHAL BURSAE(2)-cranial-btwn. the arch of the atlas and the funiculus nuchae. Caudal-btwn. the spine of the atlas and the funiculus nuchae
SUPRASPINOUS BURSA-over the whithers at the junction of the funiculus nuchae cranially and the supraspinous ligament caudally

Front 5

5. What clinical conditions involve these bursae?

Back 5

"Poll-evil": inflammation of the atlantal bursa (cranial nuchal bursa)

"Fistulous withers": inflammation of the supraspinous bursa

Front 6

6. What condition affects the cervical vertebrae causing compression of the spinal cord and ataxia in horses?

Back 6

"Wobbler's syndrome"

Front 7

7. Where is the crest? What is the composition of the tissue in this area?

Back 7

It is located on the dorsal midline of the neck and is compsed of fat tissue.

Front 8

8. Identify the topographic position of the wing of the atlas.

Back 8

-can be palpated near the base of the poll

Front 9

9A. Identify the superficial muscles on the ventral surface of the neck.

Back 9

1. Cutaneous colli
2. Brachiocephalicus (2 parts)
a. cleidomastoideus
b. cleidobrachialis
3. Omotransversarius
4. Sternocephalicus
5. Sternothyrohyoideus (2 parts)
a. sternothyroideus
b. sternohyoideus

Front 10

9B. Identify the deep muscles on the ventral aspect of the neck.

Back 10

1. Omohyoideus
2. Longus capitis
3. Longus colli
a. cervical part
b. thoracic part
4. Scalenus

Front 11

9C. Identify the superfical muscles on the lateral surface of the neck.

Back 11

1. Trapezius
a. trapezius cervicis
b. trapezius thoracis
2. Rhomboidus
a. rhomboideus cervicis
b. rhomboideus thoracis
3. Splenius
4. Serratus ventralis
a. serratus ventralis cervicis
b. serratus ventralis thoracis

Front 12

9D. Identify the first deep layer of muscles on the lateral aspect of the neck.

Back 12

1. Semispinalis capitis
2. Longissimus capitis
> fused at origin
3. Longissimus atlantis
4. Longissimus cervicis

Front 13

9E. Identify the 2nd deep layer of muscle on the lateral aspect of the neck.

Back 13

1. Multifidus cervicis
2. Intertransversarii cervicis
3. Spinalis system

Front 14

10. What is the poll? Identify the cranial and caudal oblique muscles of the poll.

Back 14

1. Obliquus capitis caudalis
2. Obliquus capitis cranialis
3. Rectus capitis muscles
a. rectus capitis dorsalis major
b. rectus capitis dorsalis minor
c. rectus capitis ventralis
d. rectus capitis lateralis

Front 15

13. How many cervical nerves are present in the horse?

Back 15

8 pairs

Front 16

14. The accessory nerve has a dorsal and a ventral branch; which cervical muscles are innervated by each?

Back 16

Dorsal branch-trapezius
brachiocephalicus
omotransversarius
Ventral branch-sternocephalicus

Front 17

15. Where are the transverse nerve of the neck and the cervical branch of the facial nerve located?

Back 17

transverse nerve of the neck-?near C2?


cervical branch of the facial nerve-runs with the external jugular vein

Front 18

16. Identify the origin of the phrenic nerve and brachial plexus

Back 18

phrenic n.-ventral branches of C5, C6, and C7


brachial plexus-ventral branches of C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2
-deep to the scalenus muscle

Front 19

17. Identify the major vessels supplying the cervical musculature.

Back 19

1.Deep cervical artery
2.Vertebral artery

Front 20

18. Identify the superfical and deep cervical lymph nodes.

Back 20

1.superficial cervical lymph nodes-located near the deep aspect of the brachiocephalicus
2.Cranial deep cervical-trachea and around thyroid gland
middle deep cervical-middle of neck
caudal deep cervical-thoracic inlet

Front 21

19. Which muscles show a degree of fusion in the cervical region?

Back 21

1.Brachiocephalicus
2.Sternothyrohyoideus
3.Omohyoideus
4.Longissimus capitis and longissimus atlantis

Front 22

20. What is Viborg's triangle? What are its borders?

Back 22

It is a surgical landmark for gutteral pouch sx and the retropharyngeal lymph nodes lie in this region

borders: cranial-ramus of the mandible
ventral-linguofacial vein
dorsal-Sternocephalicus tendon

Front 23

21. What is the jugular groove? What are the borders of this groove?

Back 23

-the jugular vein can be found here
borders: dorsal-sternomastoideus m.
ventral-sternocephalicus m.
deep-omohyoideus m.

Front 24

22. What is the significance of the omohyoideus in the horse?

Back 24

-it supposedly "protects" the common carotid a. from deep venipuncture by acting as a barrier

Front 25

23. What is the relationship of the trachea and esophagus throughout the cervical region?

Back 25

-the esophagus begins at the pharynx dorsal to the trachea, then moves to the left side at the level of C4 (can sometimes move ventrally to the trachea)

Front 26

25. Where is the parathyroid gland of the horse located?

Back 26

1.internal parathyroid gland-usually lie in the vicinity of the cranial pole of the thyroid gland

2.external parathyroid glands-lie on the ventral surface of the trachea more caudally

Front 27

26. Which muscles form the groove of the cephalic vein?

Back 27

The lateral pectoral groove is formed by:
dorsal-cleidobrachialis
ventral-descending pectoral
the cephalic vein and deltoid br. of the superficial cervical a. lie in this groove