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4 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
INTRO
- period between 1945 and 1950 of huge significance for the development of Cold War hostilities
- rivalry over influence in Europe
- US feared Communist expansionism and USSR wanted to save Soviet Communism which they saw endangered by American dollarimperialism
- US: Marshall Plan, the European Recovery Program
- USSR: Salami Tactics to turn Eastern European countries Kommunist
Main Argument
The marshall Plan and the Salami Tactics contributed enormously to the development of Cold War hostilities. Nevertheless it is clear from these two examples that responsibility lay on both sides.
1st para: Salami Tactics
- orthodox view: to blame
- expansionist aim
- Poland, Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary turned communist by the Salami Tactics
- Success senn in the results of votes
eg Hungary 1945 communists held 17% before salami tactics were applied
communists then made possession of key ministrier and outlawed political opposition, replaced local communists by Moscow's communists
monopolised the vote by 1949
- alarmed the US, Britain and France, feared a radical Expansion, communist containment needed
- angered by the means,
eg communists disqualified 246 candidates of the Polish Political Party, arrested 149 and murdered 18
Desmond Donnelly
"In these appaling circumstances of intimidation, it was not surprising that Bierut's communists secured complete control over Poland."
- US saw these elections as a breach from the agreements made in Yalta, Potsdam and Tehran
- significantly increased tensions
Arthur M Schlesinger
"An analysis which leaves out the intransigence of Leninist ideology, the sinister dynamics of the totalitarian society and the madness of Stalin is obviously incomplete."
- Soviets were to blame for Cold War hostilities
2nd para: Marshall Plan
- to fight communism Americans implemented the Marshall Plan in 1947, based on the Truman doctrine
"growth of extremism and perhaps loss of independence" had to be defeated by the establishment of a European Recovery Program
- 3 year grant of food, fertilisers, raw materials and financial aid to support weak countries in the fight against Communist influence
- excluded the USSR from Participation
- USSR angered, felt that the US was establishing aEuropean empire by dominating the economy and thereby gaining political control
- Marshall plan seen as a prime example of "dollar Imperialism"
Soviet Foreign Minister
"Te US has moved towards giving up the idea of international cooperation and joint action by the great powers."
- economic and military rivalry
- attack against their program of consolidating their influence in Eastern Europe
- revisionist see the motives behing the Marshall Plan as solely linked to the requirements to secure markets and free trade and penetrate Eastern Europe
- strengthening of European countries justified their end of isolationsim
- Soviet response: Molotov Plan and Cominform which tied Communist economies together
- increased economic rivalry
- Europe divided into two seperate blocks
- no economic cooperation anymore
- "Iron Curtain" drawn