• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/69

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

69 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
circumference of earth
40000 km
radius of earth
6400 km
latitude
-90 (S) to 90 (N)
longitude
-180 (W) to 180 (E)
1 degree of latitude
110 km
1 degree of longitude
varies with latitude
110*cos(latitude) km
water flux
rate of transfer between reservoirs
residence time
(amount in reservoir)/(sum of rates of input)
ocean water residence time
3200 years
length of presence of ocean water
4 billion years
residence time of water in atmosphere
10 days
time it takes for ocean water to circulate completely
1500 years
time it takes for ocean to circulate through cracks in rocks at mid ocean ridge
1 million years
molecular properties of water
strong dipole
bent shape
why molecular properties of water important
strong hydrogen bonding
water's melting and boiling points
abnormally high
water's heat capacity
highest of any liquid except ammonia
water's heat of vaporization
one of the highest
radiative
strong uv and ir absorption
water's solvent properties
excellent
facilitates life
calorie
heat required to raise 1g of water by 1 degree c
condensation of water
releases huge amounts of energy
most abundant seawater ions
Cl-, Na+, Mg(2+), SO4(2-)
freezing point of ocean water
-2 degrees c
seawater density
determined by temperature and salinity
thermocline
depth zone where temperature or potential temperature change strongly
bottom of thermocline
depth where temperature is 5 degrees c
halocline
zone of strong change in salinity
if high salinity overlies low salinity
density stratification of ocean reduced
pycnocline
depth zone where density changes strongly
potential density
salinity and potential temperature
continental shelves
similar features as land
gentle slopes
shallow
exposed during ice age
continental slopes
still part of continent
not as steep as look
continental rise
sediment apron on ocean floor
width varies from 100-1000 km
deep ocean basin
abyssal plains
abyssal hills
abyssal plains
flat, sediment-covered sea floor
abyssal hills
rocky protrusions from sediment
alvin
1964
first deep sea submersible
bathymetry
study and mapping of seafloor contours and variations of water depth
alfred wegener
1912
continental drift
pangaea
oceanic crust generated
mid-ocean ridge
oceanic crust destroyed
subduction zones
geodynamo
outer core of iron
90% of earth's magnetic field
divergent plate boundary
new ocean basin formed
transform plate boundary
plates slide laterally past each other
crust neither produced nor destroyed
convergent plate boundary
lithospheric plates collide
oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary
oceanic plate denser and sinks underneath continental crust
oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundary
denser one sinks
creates volcanic arcs
trenches
arc-shaped depressions in the ocean floor caused by the subduction of a converging ocean plate
continental-continental convergent plate boundary
continental crust too buoyant to be subducted
creates mountains
earthquakes occur in oceanic-oceanic boundary
on the side where subduction is happening
hotspot
fixed site of upwelling material
seamounts
volcanoes on ocean floor that do not reach above sea level
guyots
flat-topped seamounts
solar heating of earth
varies with latitude
how energy transferred polewards
atmospheric circulation
ocean currents
hotspot
fixed site of upwelling material
seamounts
volcanoes on ocean floor that do not reach above sea level
guyots
flat-topped seamounts
solar heating of earth
varies with latitude
how energy transferred polewards
atmospheric circulation
ocean currents
coriolis in southern hemisphere
left
why coriolis
conservation of angular momentum
angular momentum L
(mass)*(velocity)*(radius)
westerb currents
narrow fast deep
gulf stream
kuroshio
great heat transporters
eastern currents
wide slow shallow
upwelling and divergence of h20
caused by eckman transports
eckman transport in subtropic gyres
zones of convergence
downwelling
where gyres are
n atlantic
s atlantic
n pacific
s pacific